Melanoform nevus is one of the types of age spots (moles), a skin neoplasm that is formed from melanocytes (skin cells that produce melanin) and, under certain conditions, can become malignant.

Melanoform nevus can be located anywhere on the body.

Melanocytes from which a melanoform nevus is formed are dendritic cells that perform a protective function by releasing melanin in response to exposure to UV radiation on the skin.. Melanin protects the skin, it is able to color the skin, hair and eyes. Melanocytes are localized in the skin, retinal epithelium (pigmented part), vascular layer of the eye analyzer, inner ear.

All melanin-containing skin lesions can be congenital or acquired.. Melanoform nevi can be both, but congenital nevi often appear only in adolescence.

The appearance of moles of this type depends on the age of the person, skin type, as well as changes in hormonal levels.. Often they are of unknown origin..

Risk factors include:.

diseases of the liver, pancreas;

weakening of the immune system;

papillomavirus infection;

pregnancy;

diabetes;

heredity.

In children of the first years of life, they practically do not form. About 90% of the population under the age of 15 have birthmarks. After age 30, the number of moles that occur usually decreases.. As we age, the number of birthmarks on the skin decreases..

Types of melanocytic nevi are divided into:.

epidermal - have a round or oval shape and a smooth surface, hairs can grow from the neoplasm;

dermal - may be flesh-colored, covered with a small amount of hairs and look like plaques;

mixed.

How melanoform nevi of the trunk and other parts of the body appear Melanoform nevi form on the trunk, face, neck, limbs, scalp. They have the following characteristics:.

Characteristic.

Description.

Variability.

Throughout a person’s life, moles of this type can appear and disappear, their size and color can also change, neoplasms can protrude more and more above the surface of the skin. If the mole changes quickly, for example, grows rapidly, and if the changes are traumatic or inflammatory, you should consult a doctor.

Color.

Since melanocytes are the source of melanin in the body, melanoform nevi have a brown color of varying degrees of saturation.. In some cases, such moles may have a bluish tint..

hairs.

Moles may grow hairs that are usually coarser and darker than elsewhere. When trying to remove hairs from them, moles can become inflamed and hurt.

Soreness.

Painless, pain can only appear when injured.

Complications Moles, due to a certain anatomical location, may be subject to injury - for example, seams or clothing fastenings. But the main danger is that moles can become malignant, t. to be reborn from a benign neoplasm to a malignant tumor - melanoma.

Melanoma is a malignant neoplasm that develops from melanocytes.. The tumor is most often located on the skin, in more rare cases it is found on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, genitals, rectum, on the retina of the eye..

Risk factors for malignancy of moles:.

genetic predisposition;

history of melanoma;

decreased immunity;

the presence of a large neoplasm in a person (the larger the area occupied by the formation, the higher the risk of malignancy);

the presence of more than 50 nevi on the body;

Regular skin exposure to direct sunlight and/or ultraviolet radiation from artificial sources;

history of sunburn;

skin exposure to ionizing radiation;

the location of the mole in places of skin friction (for example, if the neoplasm often comes into contact with clothes and underwear), its frequent injury;

age over 50.

Signs of malignancy Early symptoms of malignant degeneration of a neoplasm include:.

the appearance of tingling and / or itching in the area of \u200b\u200b\\u200b\\u200bthe mole;

discoloration (may darken, lighten, color may become uneven);

the appearance on the surface of roughness, tubercles, cracks, peeling areas;

bleeding;

development of a reddish rim of inflammatory origin.

Signs of melanoma may include:.

asymmetry;

uneven color;

jagged edges;

large size and / or rapid growth of the neoplasm.

Melanoma is a malignant tumor that can develop from a melanoform nevus..

To clarify the diagnosis, blood and urine tests, magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray examination of bones, etc..

TreatmentTreatment of a nevus usually consists of its removal, which can be carried out by various methods..

Method.

Description.

Cryodestruction.

The neoplasm is affected by low temperatures (liquid nitrogen, carbonic acid), pain and discomfort are absent, after healing, there are usually no traces left at the site of the mole. Several sessions may be required to completely remove the formation..

Electrocoagulation.

The mole is exposed to a high-frequency electric current. Since the procedure is quite painful, it is performed under local anesthesia.. The method is not applicable to the removal of large moles.

laser therapy.

When exposed to a laser lesion, the patient usually does not experience pain, there is no scar on the skin, however, the skin at the site of exposure may acquire a lighter shade.

Radiosurgical method.

Non-contact tissue excision is performed using a radio knife, the method can be used for benign and malignant neoplasms, it is not suitable for removing large moles.

Surgery.

It is used to remove large neoplasms located in hard-to-reach places, malignant (in the latter case, the adjacent part of the skin is excised along with the formation). After the operation, a scar may remain, therefore, it is resorted to only in cases where other methods are contraindicated..

Self-treatment is strictly not recommended.. When trying to remove such neoplasms on their own at home, the risk of malignant degeneration increases significantly..

PreventionIn order to prevent malignancy of the neoplasm, it is recommended:.

Complete and balanced diet.

Avoid exposure to carcinogens.

Avoid excessive sun exposure, especially for light-skinned patients with a large number of moles on the body, use sunscreen.

To refuse from bad habits.

Avoid dry skin.

Avoid injury, especially chronic, moles.

It is recommended to regularly examine skin formations for changes: the occurrence of pain, itching, cracks, bleeding. If any are found, you should contact an oncodermatologist.. Melanoform nevi, which appeared in a person 30-40 years old and older, should be observed especially closely..

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