The nephrotic syndrome unites a complex of symptoms within itself, which are expressed in the allocation of protein in the urine in a large amount (proteinuria), a violation of lipid metabolism, electrolytes. The huge loss of protein in the urine, causing hypoproteinemia, which leads to water retention in the cavities and tissues, there are edemas.
The nephrotic syndrome unites a complex of symptoms within itself, which are expressed in the allocation of protein in the urine in a large amount (proteinuria), a violation of lipid metabolism, electrolytes. The huge loss of protein in the urine, causing hypoproteinemia, which leads to water retention in the cavities and tissues, there are edemas.
Prerequisites for the development of a nephrotic syndrome There are many diseases that lead to the appearance of a nephrotic syndrome. There are two forms of nephrotic syndrome: primary and secondary. The 1st form develops with kidney diseases: glomerulonephritis, amyloidosis, interstitial nephritis. The second form of the syndrome develops with systemic diseases (vasculitis, red lupus, scleroderma, etc.. ), Oncological diseases, acquired infections, with severe allergic reactions and a pharmaceutical disease. All of the above diseases in their own base have a violation in the immune system. Under the influence of the causal factor, antibodies and immune complexes are formed that precipitate in the organs, including the kidneys.
In a healthy kidney, the capillary loops of the glomerulus in the nephron are a typical filter that passes the substances needed for excretion from the body and detains useful ones, including proteins. Due to some diseases, the capacity of capillaries is impaired, their permeability for large molecules, including proteins. This substantiates the huge loss of protein in nephrotic syndrome. Because of cumbersome proteinuria, the osmotic pressure of plasma is reduced, hypovolemia appears, the blood supply of organs decreases, including blood flow in the kidneys. Reduction of blood flow in the kidney leads to an overestimation of aldosterone, renin, sodium elimination is slowed down and water accumulation takes place in the body. All these configurations are combined into a nephrotic syndrome.
Manifestations of nephrotic syndrome Nephrotic syndrome, the symptoms of its manifestation are identical in various diseases. On the body of patients you can see powerful swelling, changes in the skin and mucous membranes of a dystrophic nature. The accumulation of water is observed not only in tissues, but also in serous cavities: pleural, abdominal, pericardial cavity. In severe cases, the clinic develops edema of the brain, retina. Nephrotic syndrome, resulting from kidney disease, can be combined with hypertension. The signs listed above are added to the symptoms listed above, aggravating its course.
Diagnosis Detection of the nephrotic syndrome is not particularly difficult. In the blood there is hypoproteinemia, dysproteinemia, hypercholesterolemia. The diagnosis of the underlying disease that led to the development of the syndrome is exposed according to the survey and examination of the patient, as well as additional and instrumental methods of investigation. The severity of kidney damage is assessed with a kidney biopsy.
With systemic reddish lupus in the blood, special LE cells are found.
More malignant nephrotic syndrome occurs with glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis. The final disease can be acquired renal scarcity.
In the case of the allergic nature of the nephrotic syndrome or pharmaceutical disease, with the elimination of the etiologic factor, it may be the achievement of long-term remission or complete healing.
Health. Sumy. Ua.
Keywords:.