photo HiTech.Expert
A very interesting discovery has been made recently from Germany and other countries: the Brazilian plant Rhynchospora tenuis, and the pike thistle, which reproduces in a stately way, actually vibrates genetically identical plantlets, similar to. This phenomenon, becoming the first known phenomenon among species that include both humans and female organs, completely wastes the exchange of DNA during meiosis - the process of cell division, which is the basis of sexual reproduction.
The marvelous process of reproduction.
The reproductive system involves the exchange of genetic material between parent chromosomes during meiosis. This creates genetic diversity, which is key to the adaptation and survival of the species. However, Rhynchospora tenuis, regardless of the presence of flowers, sawing, sealing and filling, ignores this process. No crossing over (exchange of divisions between chromosomes) has been detected in either humans or females from this line.. As an inheritance, the pads are an exact copy of the maternal line.
“It’s similar to cloning, but through a state process,” explains the leading author of the study, Andre Marques from the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding. “This completely changes our statement about the boundaries of statistical reproduction”.
Why has it become possible?
Presledniki assume that such a unique structure of the plant is associated with its extremely simple structure of the genome. Rhynchospora tenuis has the fewest number of chromosomes among all the bushy plants - only two in the haploid set. These chromosomes are holocentric, meaning their activity is distributed throughout the entire chromosome rather than concentrated in one centromere.. In addition, Roslina vikorista has an atypical mechanism of meiosis, which is called reverse meiosis. During meiosis, sister chromatids are separated, and then homologous chromosomes. U R. tenuis, everything happens in the same way: homologous chromosomes are initially separated, and then sister chromatids.
The secret of survival: selection and adaptation.
Regardless of the absence of genetic exchange, the plant still demonstrates its own adaptive mechanisms. The research revealed strong genetic diversity: certain chromosomes, which contain a large number of transposon elements (the so-called “streaming genes”), become larger and have less advantage during the hour of transfer to the production and production of eggs.. Structural changes at the ends of chromosomes are also guarded against, which would create successful combinations for the next generation..
“This asymmetric mechanism of meiosis systematically involves the transfer of larger chromosomes, rich in sequence repeats,” says Marquez. “In addition, after weeding, there is a harsh selection: about 87% of our pregnancy. Only those tips that could identify Father’s hybrid combinations of chromosomes, in order to preserve the offending versions of Father’s genomes, survive.”.
Practical significance for breeding.
The discovery of Rhynchospora tenuis may have a significant impact on plant breeding. Possibility of “fixing” a virile genotype and transmitting it to animals through the present without change – among many breeders.
Ad
“The understanding of this mechanism can provide new ideas for future breeding strategies,” says Marquez..
Thus, this Brazilian plant expands our knowledge about the complexity of reproductive processes in plants and erases the distinction between the stages of reproduction and cloning, which are the source of our support..
Dzherelo: https://www. ithome. com/1/009/623. htmRoslina-clone: \u200b\u200bread about shocking shocks in Brazil on the HiTech website. Expert.