Almost six years ago, on September 24, 2011. , Vladimir Putin and Dmitry Medvedev, then self-appointed candidates for the posts of the president and prime minister of the country, formulated their pre-election promises for the upcoming six-year term of the president (most likely, the government). The key provisions of their reports were then included in the pre-election program of the party "United Russia". As a result of the so-called electoral cycle 2011-2012. One of them took the post of president of the country, the other - the premiere. Both candidates received resources - political, legal, administrative, financial, expert, power - to fulfill their promises made then. Now that the beginning of the new presidential campaign is approaching, it is possible to sum up preliminary results: what of what was promised in September 2011. , Was done, and what is not.
Economic growth and the place of Russia in the world.
"Today's economic growth in Russia is about 4%. At the same time, the most developed countries add 1-2% per year, but this should not lead us astray. Therefore, the objective requirement is one: the pace of our development must be radically higher than what we have today. It is necessary to untwist the flywheel of economic development, growth rates to 6-7% per year, and over the next five years to enter the five largest economies of the world. Absolutely real task "(Putin). "Our country should not be weak, poor" (Medvedev).
The average annual tempo of the growth of the Russian national GDP decreased from 7.1% in 1999-2007. And 4.3% in 2010-2011. Up to 0.5% in 2012-2016. , And the rate of GDP growth per capita in the last five years - to negative. At the same time, the average annual growth rate of the world economy amounted to 3.3%, world GDP per capita - 2.1%. Over the past five years (2012-2016). ), During which the Russian GDP cumulatively grew by 2.2%, while the Russian GDP per capita, respectively, decreased by 0.1%, world GDP grew by 17.7%, and the world average GDP per capita increased by 11% 1%.
In 2011 year. Russia ranked 6th in the world in terms of GDP, measured at purchasing power parity (PPP) at current prices; 9th place - in terms of GDP, measured by PPP at constant prices in 2002. , 9th place - in terms of GDP, measured in dollars at current exchange rates. In 2016 year. Russia still ranks 6th in terms of GDP, measured by PPP at current prices; But already the 10th place - in terms of GDP, measured by PPP in constant prices in 2002. , And 12th in terms of GDP, measured in dollars at current exchange rates.
If in 2011 the. Per capita Russian GDP was 29.3% of the US level, then in 2016. - 27.1%. If in 2011 the. The size of the Russian economy was 9 times less than Chinese, then in 2016. - almost 13 times.
Investments and the structure of the economy.
"And this should be not a raw material, but a qualitatively different growth, built on investment, advanced technologies, increasing efficiency, creating a modern industry" (Putin). "This is the modernization of the economy, the education system, the technical re-equipment of industry, improving the investment climate, raising productivity and safety of work" (Medvedev).
In 2012-2016 years. Labor productivity in Russia has not increased, but decreased - by 0.1%. For five years, the annual volume of investment in the Russian economy fell by 5.8%, the volume of completed construction works - by 8.7%. With a general increase in the volume of industrial production in 2012-2016. By 4.6%, raw materials production grew slightly faster (by 5.4%) than manufacturing (5.2%). At the same time, the output of machinery and equipment decreased by 6.6%, including car production fell by 26.3%, and railroad cars - by 36.5%.
Advanced Infrastructure Development.
"We must turn the shoulder to the business by outstripping the development of infrastructure Over the next 10 years, double the amount of road construction in the country" (Putin).
Ten years have not yet passed, but in the first four years (2012-2015). ), Investments in the transport sector fell by 27.3%, including 34.3% in railway transport, 50.8% in the automobile (bus). If in 2011 the. 93 km of new railway lines were introduced, then in 2015. - only 18 km. The degree of depreciation of fixed assets in general on transport increased from 34.7% in 2011. Up to 41.1% in 2015. , Including on the railway - from 30.4 to 36.3%, on the bus - from 55.3 to 59.2%.
Demography.
"We forced the retreat of the demographic crisis that threatened the very existence of Russia. Just think, more recently, the country lost one million citizens per year: the population decline was a million a year "(Putin).
In 2011-2012. The rate of depopulation in Russia really decreased. And then even showed a small natural increase in population: in 2013. - by 23 000, in 2014. - by 34,000, in 2015. - for 32 000 people. However, at the end of 2016. Demographic trends unfolded: the birth rate went down - from 13.4 people. Per 100 000 population in the spring of 2014. To 12.0 in early 2017 g. , And the mortality rate increased from 12.8 per 100 000 population in early 2016. To 13.0 in March 2017. In general, over the past four months, the natural decline in the population was 78,000. , Which has already "eaten" nine tenths of a three-year natural increase of 89,000 people. For 2013-2015 years. Alas, the demographic crisis in Russia did not recede, but returned.
Improving the welfare of the population.
"Improving the welfare of our people This is the fulfillment of social obligations, increasing, of course, how much it is possible, salaries, pensions, benefits, fighting poverty, modernizing health care" (Medvedev). "By the end of 2014. The average wage in the country should increase by 1.5 times and reach about 30 000-32 000 rubles. At the same time, the salaries of state employees should substantially increase "(Putin).
In 2014 year. The nominal average salary in the country actually reached 32,500 rubles. , And by the end of 2016 g. - even 36 700 rubles. However, due to the continuing price increase and the devaluation of the ruble, the purchasing power of salaries, benefits, pensions, other monetary incomes of the population for five years or almost did not increase, or even decreased. Compared to 2011. The average wage in real terms (adjusted for inflation) increased by only 5.4%, the average pension by 1.1%, consumer spending remained at the same level, disposable cash income fell by 1.6%, and all cash income fell By 4.1%. The number of people with incomes below the subsistence minimum for five years increased from 17.9 million to 20.3 million people, and their share in the population of the country increased from 12.7 to 13.9%.
Education support. "Already next year, the salaries of school teachers will equal or exceed the average salary in the economy in all regions of Russia without exception. For five years we must build at least 1000 schools in Russia. In the next few years, the regions of Russia should remove the problem of lack of places in kindergartens" (Putin ).
If in 2014 g. The average salary in the industry as a whole is "education" (t. Not only school teachers) was below the national average of 20.4%, then in 2016. - by almost a quarter (by 23.5%). For 2012-2016 years. The number of schools in Russia was not increased by 1,000, but reduced by almost 7,000 - from 48,800 to 41,900. According to the Accounting Chamber, in line for receiving a place in kindergartens on November 1, 2016. There were more than 391,000 children under the age of three and 65,000 children between the ages of three and seven.
Mortgage.
"Already in the near future, following a decline in inflation, it is necessary to ensure a further reduction in mortgage rates. This is a market substance, I want to say this very carefully, but where? Then to 6.5-7%, we must move in the coming years "(Putin).
According to the Central Bank, the average rate on mortgage housing loans granted to individuals actually "moved", however, not downwards, but upwards - from 12.32% in 2011. Up to 12.67% in 2016.
Containment of growth in utility tariffs.
"Affordable housing is also an understandable and fair price for utilities. We should not tolerate the fact that "people are getting into their pockets," management and utilities are charging unreasonable bills for heat, light and water. Here it is necessary to maintain the strictest control. Now we have made a very important and tough decision: we have limited the growth of tariffs for most natural monopolies, it should not exceed the level of inflation by the year. This decision - restraining tariffs of natural monopolies, which will grow by inflation, should also restrain tariffs for utility services "(Putin).
From 2011 to 2015. The payment for housing in houses of state and cooperative housing funds increased by 49.9%, for hot water supply - by 57.1%; The growth of these tariffs significantly outstripped the dynamics of the general index of consumer prices and services (by 42.8%).
Development of the institutions of civilized society and the rule of law.
"This eradication of corruption is the emergence of a modern political system in our country there are no powerless and defenseless people, it is very important that freedom and justice are available to everyone. I am ready to continue real activities to improve the standards of life of our people, the construction of a modern legal state "(Medvedev).
On the index of perception of corruption Transparency International Russia in 2016. Was on the 131st place in the world, which indicates a greater level of corruption in our country than in Honduras, Malawi, Djibouti. According to the index of civil liberties and political rights, Freedom House Russia in 2011-2016. Dropped another five points, in a difficult struggle for the level of lack of freedom ahead of countries such as Rwanda, Angola, Zimbabwe. According to the rule of law index of the World Justice Project, Russia, managed by two lawyers, was able to move from 41st place out of 66 countries in 2011. To 92nd place from 113 countries in 2016. ; Now we are behind the rule of law, in particular, from Iran, Belize, Cote d'Ivoire.
10. Non-admission of foreign policy isolation.
"This, of course, is an independent, reasonable foreign policy, pursuing in the final analysis only one goal - improving the welfare of our people and guaranteeing their security. We equally understand what our country should not be like. It should not be isolated "(Medvedev).
Thanks to the practical efforts of the President and the Prime Minister, Russia's membership in the Group of Eight has been suspended in recent years, the Russian delegation's work has been suspended in the work of the PACE, several packages of international sanctions have been introduced against Russia. At a recent meeting of the UN Security Council, Russia alone torpedoed a resolution that condemns the use of chemical weapons in Syria and calls for the investigation of this crime against humanity.
The most internationally isolated isolation of the Russian regime was manifested on March 27, 2014. During a vote in the UN General Assembly on a resolution condemning the Russian authorities for annexing the Crimea. Then the Kremlin was supported by 10 countries, 100 states voted against its actions, on the whole, Russia was not supported by 182 states from 193 UN members. Together they represent 96% of the world's population and world GDP, they account for 87% of the world number of military personnel, these states collectively account for 94% of all military expenditures of the world.
In this text, it is not possible to name all the reasons why the September ones were not fulfilled (2011. ) Promises of Putin and Medvedev. But, apparently, not the least role in this failure played their own actions aimed at achieving completely different, not proclaimed then goals. Over the past time it has been possible, for example, to create Rosgvardia with a population of 400,000 people and to start using it massively against Russian citizens. It was possible to spend 15 trillion rubles for military purposes. ($ 315 billion) - this is more than three-quarters of those 20 trillion rubles. , That six years ago were planned for a nine-year program of rearmament. During this time Ukraine was selected Crimea, the Donbas was destroyed, where 10 000 people were killed, tens of thousands became disabled. The Russian army became a participant in the Syrian civil war, defends the dictator there, bombs Syrian cities and villages, while civilians are killed. The actual goals of the actions of the Russian authorities turned out to be different, in many ways that is why they failed to fulfill their promises.
Speaking six years ago, Dmitry Medvedev stressed that it is impossible to give "our beloved Russia to those who want to destroy it who deceives people, giving out empty and unrealistic slogans, promises". It seems that this is one of the few statements made at the time, which it is difficult not to agree with.
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