There are many different types of anesthesia used in surgery today.. Which of them are more preferable, and which are not the most successful? Our expert - anesthesiologist Dmitry Agapov.

Which of the many?

For each age and for each operation, anesthesia is selected individually.. The choice also depends on the physical condition of the patient, on the accompanying problems with his health and, of course, on the qualifications, experience and skill of the anesthetist.. After all, even for the same operation, different patients can use different anesthesia, as the Internet publication for girls and women from 14 to 35 years old Pannochka reports.. net Many types of anesthesia, such as oral (through the mouth) and rectal (through the anus with an enema), are practically not used today.. Gradually, intramuscular anesthesia also becomes a thing of the past, since its action is almost impossible to control, and the drugs used in this method of anesthesia are not entirely harmless..

We lose consciousness, but not vigilance 15–30 minutes before surgery, patients are given an intramuscular injection of drugs that calm and facilitate immersion in anesthesia, and stabilize the heart rhythm.

For low-traumatic and quick interventions, as well as for some types of diagnostics, inhalation anesthesia is usually used, which minimally affects the internal organs and provides a controlled effect.. Often this anesthesia is used in young children.. In this case, the child inhales the anesthetic inhalation mixture through the mask and calmly falls asleep..

However, if the child is going to have a long and difficult operation, then in this case a “big” anesthesia is required, in which drugs are usually delivered to the body both through the respiratory tract and through the veins.. When conducting intravenous anesthesia, which is used much more often in Europe (and in our country) than, for example, in America, where inhalation anesthesia is more common, drugs of various groups can be used. Among them are narcotic analgesics, and muscle relaxants, and sleeping pills, and local anesthetics, etc.. The patient undergoes artificial lung ventilation (ALV) during surgery..

Regional anesthesia is widespread, especially in pediatric traumatology, when a local anesthetic is injected into the nerve area, providing complete anesthesia of the limb, hand or foot, etc.. And the patient's consciousness is turned off by small doses of hypnotic drugs.

During epidural anesthesia, an anesthetic is injected into the space in front of the dura mater of the spinal cord not immediately before the intervention, but gradually, over several days before the operation.. In this case, the patient can both remain conscious and doze off under the influence of drugs..

Spinal anesthesia involves the injection of an anesthetic directly into the spinal canal.. A person turns off, does not feel pain, his muscles are relaxed. But such anesthesia is difficult to manage and is rarely used anywhere..

Anesthesia with preserved consciousness is used in some special cases, most often in neurosurgery, when it is necessary to maintain the consciousness of the patient and communicate with him during the operation..

Elena Nechaenko nedug. en.