Cystoscopy is an examination of the bladder from the inside using a special instrument called a cystoscope.. Some changes in the urethra and bladder - ulcers, polyps and other mucosal lesions cannot be seen on ultrasound, therefore, in some cases, cystoscopy is prescribed as a more detailed examination. This is how tumors, stones, inflammations, bladder injuries are detected.

Cystoscopy of the bladder can be called not only a diagnostic, but also a therapeutic procedure - with its help, the doctor can remove a tumor or papilloma, perform electrocoagulation (cauterization) of a simple ulcer on the bladder mucosa, perform a dissection of the mouth of the ureter, inject the necessary medicine into the bladder with an injection, perform.

How Bladder Cystoscopy is Performed The cystoscope is a tubular device equipped with a lamp. It can be rigid (standard) or flexible.

To examine the bladder, the cystoscope must be inserted into the urethra.. The procedure is somewhat painful, so local, spinal or general anesthesia is performed. If general anesthesia is indicated, which is more often prescribed for patients with an unstable psyche, the patient should not eat for 8 hours before cystoscopy.

With local anesthesia, a solution of novocaine 2% - 10 ml or gel with lidocaine is injected into the urethra before the start of cystoscopy. When performing cystoscopy in men, a special clamp is applied to the penis under the head for 5-10 minutes.

The patient during cystoscopy should be in a supine position, after the introduction of the cystoscope, the bladder is filled with water or sterile saline to ensure better visibility - no more than 200 ml. After that, the doctor examines the bladder. The examination itself lasts 2-10 minutes.. In general, cystoscopy takes no more than 45 minutes and if local anesthesia is used, the patient can go home immediately..

In some cases, cystoscopy in women, men is combined with another study - chromocystoscopy, for which the patient is injected intravenously with contrast - 1-3 ml of a solution of indigo carmine 0.4%. They do this in order to study from which ureter, with what interval and intensity colored urine will appear.. It is considered normal if the dye begins to be released into the bladder 3-5 minutes after injection.. If more than 10 minutes pass, this may indicate a deterioration in renal function..

Cystoscopy in children Cystoscopy in children is carried out according to the same principle as in adults, but special children's cystoscopes are used for examination, they are much smaller in diameter than adults. Cystoscopy is usually performed with the written consent of the parents; for emotionally excitable children, general anesthesia is offered..

Contraindications and consequences of cystoscopy Cystoscopy in women, men and children is not performed in the presence of acute inflammation of the bladder, urinary tract, testicles and prostate, in the presence of bleeding, urethral fever.

After cystoscopy for a while, one or two days, the patient may feel a burning sensation during urination. In addition, there is a risk of infection (after cystoscopy, antibiotics are often prescribed), opening of bleeding and violation of the integrity of the bladder wall..

Due to the fact that the urethral canal is longer in men than in women, cystoscopy in men is a more complicated and in some ways dangerous procedure.. The degree of complications depends on the qualifications of the doctor and the cystoscope used - the thinner it is, the better. The device must pass through the prostatic region, the seminal tubercle, the neck of the bladder and only after that go into the bladder.

If the instrument is mishandled, cystoscopy can cause prostatitis, cystitis, urethritis, inflammation of the seminal tubercle and vesicles, impaired potency, in particular, morning erection, and lack of sexual desire.. To eliminate complications, it is necessary to undergo treatment, the symptoms of erectile dysfunction are transient, they can be observed for a week or several months.

Medical attention should be sought if chills, severe pain in the urethra, fever, if urine becomes noticeably less than usual after a cystoscopy.

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