Spermogram is a detailed analysis of ejaculate (sperm), examination of sperm under a microscope. This analysis allows you to assess the fertility of a man, that is, his ability to conceive. Deviations of spermogram parameters from the norm indicate a decrease in the possibility of conceiving naturally. However, such deviations do not exclude the possibility of conception.. Changes in the morphology of spermatozoa, the physical and chemical properties of the ejaculate, the presence of foreign components in the semen lead to a decrease in fertility..

Preparing for a spermogram Three to five days before the study, the use of alcohol, drugs, especially antibiotics, should be excluded.. It is forbidden to visit the bath and sauna, as overheating of spermatozoa will lead to their death. Excessive excitement and stress should be avoided before the study.. For this period of time, sexual abstinence is mandatory..

Masturbation is considered the main way to obtain ejaculate for spermogram. In preparation for the study, they collect all the sperm that was released during ejaculation. Sperm for spermogram (with the very first and very last portion) is collected in a plastic sterile container. The reliability of the results of a semen study directly depends on the conditions of transportation, as well as on the time after which the container was delivered to the laboratory. It is preferable that the container be delivered within twenty minutes of ejaculation. You should not receive sperm for spermogram through coitus interruptus, oral intercourse, intercourse in a condom. Saliva, condom latex components, vaginal discharge can negatively affect the quality of the ejaculate. To obtain a reliable and objective result, it is necessary that the spermogram be performed four times with a break of two weeks.

Norms for spermograms The following values \u200b\u200bof the main indicators are considered norms for spermograms:.

seminal fluid volume (up to 4 ml);

sperm viscosity (up to 0.5 cm);

sperm concentration (more than 20 million in 1 ml of seminal fluid);

sperm count (more than 60 million in seminal fluid);

sperm motility (A \u003e 25% or A+B \u003e 50%);

spermatozoa morphology (more than 20%);

number of live spermatozoa (more than 50%);

number of spermatogenesis cells (up to 2%).

Deciphering the spermogram In the study, first of all, they check the time of semen liquefaction. With an increase in the liquefaction time, the spermatozoa take longer to gain their full mobility. With very thin seminal fluid, the likelihood of fertilization is significantly reduced.. The viscosity of semen is determined by the length of the thread formed by semen when draining from a special needle or pipette.. An increase in the viscosity of the ejaculate is usually observed with chronic inflammation of the gonads - vesiculitis or prostatitis.

Thick sperm on a spermogram indicates a possible male infertility. To determine the viscosity of semen, it is collected in a syringe and released through a special needle.. The volume of ejaculate is very important for analysis.. The optimal volume is considered to be an ejaculate volume of up to 4 ml.. A small amount of seminal fluid secreted indicates a very weak ability to fertilize and a problem with men's health. A decrease in the volume of seminal fluid indicates insufficient function of the seminal vesicles, the prostate gland. Excess ejaculate volume may be associated with an inflammatory process in the gonads.

Normal sperm color is yellowish, white or grayish. The appearance of a brown or red shade of sperm occurs with chronic vesiculitis, calculous form of prostatitis, injuries of the genital organs. Sperm acquires a yellow color when using food dyes and certain medications..

The number of sperm indicates the possibility of conception. You can count the number of spermatozoa using a special microscope.. The normal amount is twenty million spermatozoa in one millimeter of ejaculate..

When decoding spermograms, special attention is paid to sperm motility.. After all, the most mobile spermatozoa are more likely to unite with the egg. Spermogram helps determine the number of abnormal spermatozoa.

Reproductive disorders are determined by the acidity of the seminal fluid. According to the spermogram, the normal pH of the sperm should be from 7.2 to 7.8. A pH deviation from the norm indicates a possible inflammation of the gonads (vesiculitis, prostatitis).

A decrease in the number of spermatozoa according to the spermogram is called oligospermia.. Oligospermia is usually indicative of reduced testicular efficiency.. The work of the testicles can be depressed due to a decrease in the concentration of male sex hormones in the blood, the inflammatory process, the transferred toxic damage to the epithelium of the testicles, changes in metabolism. Polyzoospermia - increased sperm count (more than 120 million / ml).

Sperm motility is the most important indicator of spermogram. According to the motility of spermatozoa, it is customary to divide into four groups:.

group A - active spermatozoa with rectilinear movement;

group B - sedentary spermatozoa with rectilinear movement;

group C - sedentary spermatozoa with rotational or oscillatory movement;

group D - immobile spermatozoa.

Asthenozoospermia - decreased sperm motility. Sperm motility can decrease from various diseases and various kinds of thermal and toxic effects on the testicles..

Sperm morphology is considered a very important indicator of spermogram. This indicator of the spermogram reflects the percentage of spermatozoa capable of fertilization.. Necrospermia - a decrease in the concentration of live spermatozoa. Agglutination (gluing of spermatozoa) can be observed in chronic inflammatory processes in the male gonads. With agglutination, sperm motility almost always decreases..

Evaluation of the results of a spermogram Decoding of a spermogram is usually carried out by an andrologist. If, when deciphering the spermogram, all indicators are within the normal range, then the chances of a quick and successful conception are quite high. If there are any deviations, then in about a month a second study is prescribed.. Since the results of the spermogram may vary, the final conclusions can be drawn only after two or three studies.. It is worth noting that it is impossible to make a clear diagnosis based on the results of a spermogram, since the probability of conception depends on many other factors - the reproductive health of a woman, the frequency and duration of sexual intercourse, as well as the age and condition of the patient..

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