Irrigoscopy is a medical X-ray examination of the colon. To date, it is the safest method that allows you to identify a number of diseases: intestinal cancer, polyps, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, diverticula, etc..

Indications for irrigoscopy Doctors recommend doing an irrigoscopy of the intestine to clarify the diagnosis for patients with the following symptoms:.

hemorrhage from the anus;

pain or discomfort in the anus;

persistent constipation or diarrhea;

discharge of pus or mucus from the anus;

ulcerative colitis;

Crohn's disease;

suspicion of neoplasms in the intestines;

fistulas;

diverticulosis;

violation of the formation of the intestine.

It is also necessary to do an irrigoscopy in cases where it is not possible to conduct a colonoscopy (diagnosis of the large intestine using a colonoscope), or if its results do not give a complete picture.

It is strongly advised to do an irrigoscopy of the intestine in patients with suspected cancer, as this study allows the most accurate identification of tumors growing in the lumen of the intestine..

Contraindications Doing an irrigoscopy of the intestine doctors will prohibit when:.

rapid ulcerative colitis;

pregnancy;

toxic megacolone;

tachycardia and some other diseases that can significantly worsen the patient's condition.

Preparation for irrigoscopy The accuracy of the results of the study is largely influenced by the correct preparation for irrigoscopy, which involves following a special diet and preliminary cleansing procedures for the intestines.

Diet - the first stage of preparation for barium enema.

Two or three days before the procedure, the patient excludes all slag products from his diet, as they can cause bloating. It is also forbidden to eat fresh vegetables (cabbage, carrots, beets, legumes), greens, some cereals (oatmeal, millet, pearl barley), fruits (oranges, apples, bananas, peaches, apricots), dark flour bread. Meat broths should not be very rich, and it is recommended to cook all dishes for a couple (or boil). Lunch on the eve of an irrigoscopy of the intestine should be light, dinner and breakfast are completely excluded.

Bowel cleansing - the second stage of preparation for barium enema.

With the help of irrigoscopy, you can get very accurate examination results, provided that the human intestine is completely cleared of feces, so diet alone is not enough, with the help of special laxatives or enemas, you need to clean the intestines. Cleansing enema is done in the evening and in the morning. About a liter of water is injected into the intestines at a time and enemas are repeated until the wash water is clear without stool impurities..

Colon cleansing enemas can be replaced with laxatives, such as Fleet, Duphalac or Fortrans. They are taken according to the instructions, starting in the evening on the eve of the procedure and ending in the morning on the day of the examination..

Carrying out the procedure with the device for irrigoscopy Carrying out irrigoscopy takes from 15 to 45 minutes, the procedure itself is almost painless.

Barium sulfate - a contrast agent - is mixed with water (400 g of the substance per 1.5 - 2 liters), the mixture is heated to 35 degrees. Contrast is introduced to the patient using a special device for irrigoscopy, which is called the Bobrov apparatus (it is also used for intestinal lavage).

This device for barium enema consists of a 1 or 2 liter jar with a tightly closed lid and two tubes connected to it.. At the end of one there is a rubber pear that supplies air to the jar, and at the end of the other a disposable system is put on for irrigoscopy, through which a contrast agent is injected into the intestine.

The contrast is poured into the jar, then, using a pear, the doctor injects air into it, under the influence of which excess pressure is created under the lid, which moves the barium suspension through the tube, gradually filling the intestines.

The study itself is performed as follows: under X-ray control, the large intestine is gradually filled with a suspension and sighting and survey pictures of all its departments are taken in various positions of the patient (lying on his back, on his side, on his stomach). After that, two more survey pictures are taken: 1 - after the complete distribution of barium, it allows you to assess the diameter of the lumen, the shape and location of the large intestine; 2 - after removing the tube and emptying the intestines, in order to examine the relief of the mucous membrane and determine the functional activity of the organ.

And at the last stage, the technique of double contrasting is performed.. And if for the previous procedure it was possible to use a regular enema, then this one is performed only by a device for barium enema. To do this, the intestine is dosed with air. The mucosa is still covered with a thin layer of contrast, and the air straightens the folds, which makes it possible to study the structure of the wall in more detail.. It is the method of double contrasting that is decisive in the diagnosis of ulcers, polyps and oncological processes in the colon.

Complications of intestinal irrigoscopy With the correct procedure, taking into account contraindications, the patient does not experience serious complications. Within 3 days, it is possible to lighten the feces due to barium and delay the stool, in which case the patient is recommended to give an enema or take a laxative.

In rare cases, barium embolism occurs (t. formation of barium granulomas), perforation of the intestinal wall, and even less often - leakage of contrast into the retroperitoneal space or into the abdominal cavity.

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