Urinalysis is carried out in the laboratory to detect various diseases, assess the state of the body and the dynamics of the disease, the effectiveness of therapy, according to the Internet publication for girls and women from 14 to 35 years old Pannochka. net The final diagnosis is not made solely by urinalysis, it is usually used to detect deviations and this serves as a reason for the appointment of additional studies that can finally reveal impaired kidney function, diseases of other internal organs, and detect latent inflammation.

There are several types of research: biochemical, urinalysis and according to the Nechiporenko method.

General analysis of urine For preventive purposes, such an analysis is prescribed to all patients who, for various reasons, applied to a medical institution.

In the transcript of this urine test, the indicators are as follows:.

urine color;

transparency;

smell;

specific gravity;

content of protein, glucose, bile pigments and ketone bodies;

leukocytes and erythrocytes;

fungi, parasites and bacteria;

epithelial cells;

cylinders and salts.

The norm is considered transparent, and light yellow urine, the smell should not be sharp. Specific gravity is a coefficient that reflects the ability of the kidneys to concentrate, it should not exceed 1.024.

The norm of leukocytes for men is 0-3; 0-6 - in women; erythrocytes: for men - 0-1; 0-3 - in women.

The number of epithelial cells should not exceed 0-10.

Proteins, glucose, bile pigments and ketone bodies, parasites, bacteria and fungi should not be in the urine of a healthy person.

A bad urinalysis is called if serious deviations from the specified norms are found.. For example, an increase in specific gravity may indicate diabetes mellitus, a decrease in excess fluid in the body and diabetes insipidus.. Reddish urine indicates damage to the urinary tract, bladder, tumors, colorless urine indicates advanced kidney disease. It is undesirable to have mucus or bacteria in the urine, its bad smell indicates poor metabolism, infection, diabetes. Elevated protein indicates nephrotic syndrome and inflammation, glucose and ketone bodies - about diabetes. Bilirubin is one of the bile pigments found in people with liver pathologies..

Biochemical analysis of urineBiochemical analysis is done to assess the condition of internal organs, metabolism.

Urinalysis indicators:.

glucose. Its norm is 0.03-0.05 g / l;

total protein - no more than 0.033 g / l;

amylase - 10-1240 units;

potassium - 38.4-81.8 mmol / day;

phosphorus - 0.4-1.3 g / day;

sodium - 100-260 mmol / day;

creatinine - in men - 0.64-1.6 g / l, in women - 0.48-1.44 g / l;

microalbumin - no more than 3-4.25 mmol / day;

uric acid - 0.4-1g / day;

magnesium - 3-4.25 mmol / day;

urea - 333-578 mmol / day.

A poor urine test that found deviations from the indicated norms may indicate infections, poisoning, kidney and liver diseases..

Analysis according to Nechiporenko If there is a suspicion of latent inflammation of the genitourinary system, an analysis is carried out according to Nechiporenko. For this analysis, take the middle part of the urine stream and pay attention to the increased level of leukocytes, erythrocytes, cylinders. A high level of these urinalysis indicators indicates infection, cystitis, prostate adenoma, pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, glomerulonephritis and other serious kidney diseases..

Urinalysis during pregnancyA woman during pregnancy gives a urine test at each scheduled examination, t. the genitourinary system is under great stress, and its functionality should be kept under control. Doctors are usually interested in a general urine test.

The presence of protein in the urine is allowed, but not more than 300 mg / day. If the rate is too high, you should check the kidneys. With a sharp increase in protein, the question of hospitalization of the mother is raised.

Elevated white blood cells in a urine test during pregnancy indicate pyelonephritis, kidney infections.

Cloudy urine indicates that it contains urates, phosphates, pus, calcium oxalates, white blood cells, bacteria, red blood cells.

The presence of ketone bodies during pregnancy indicates early toxicosis.

Upon receipt of a poor urine test, a woman is recommended to pass urine for bacteriological culture, repeated general analysis.

Urinalysis in children In most cases, urinalysis in children is carried out in general, only the norms of urinalysis in a child differ from those in an adult.

The specific gravity of urine in newborns should not exceed 1.018, in children from the fifth day to two years - 1.002-1.004, in children 2-3 liters - 1.010-1.017, 4-5 liters - 1.012-1.020, in children after 10 liters - 1.011-1.025.

The norm of leukocytes for boys is 5, girls - 7; erythrocytes - 3-4; epithelial cells - 1-2;

How to properly collect urine for research In order to obtain adequate test results, the patient is advised to stop taking uroseptics and antibiotics on the eve of passing urine, to refrain from eating foods that can affect color (asparagus, carrots, blueberries, beets, rhubarb). The liquid should be consumed in the usual volume, no more and no less.

Before collecting urine for analysis in children, adults, it is necessary to make a normal toilet of the genital organs, but without the use of antibacterial and disinfectants.

It is undesirable to give urine for analysis during menstruation, shortly after cystoscopy, less than 12 hours later. after the last intercourse.

Urine for biochemical analysis can be taken during the day, for general urinalysis, studies using the Nechiporenko method - only in the morning.

For analysis, the collected urine is only suitable for two hours: it quickly decomposes, and bacteria and salts can appear in it, which can affect the results of the study..

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