Menopause is a natural period in a woman's life, during which the production of female sex hormones by the ovaries decreases.. Most women experience unpleasant symptoms of menopause: menstrual irregularities, hot flashes, mood swings, weight gain. Violation of menstruation with menopause appears earlier than other signs, even in premenopause. Menstruation becomes irregular, the duration of the cycle and the amount of blood released change, according to the online publication for girls and women from 14 to 35 years old Pannochka. net Menstruation stops at the onset of menopause How do periods go before menopause Often the first manifestation of menopause is a violation of the menstrual cycle, this is due to the effect of estrogen deficiency on the endometrium (inner layer of the uterus). A woman experiences these symptoms already at the age of 44–47 years.. Periods are irregular, often there are delays or, conversely, a decrease in the duration of the menstrual cycle. The menstrual cycle changes during the menopausal transition, with the onset of menopause, menstruation stops, and in postmenopause it is completely absent.. Consider the peculiarity of menstruation in different periods of menopause - premenopause, menopause and postmenopause.

menopause period.

Features of menstruation.

premenopause.

The menopausal transition begins with an irregular menstrual cycle. The duration of the cycle is usually lengthened (the cycle lasts not 28 days, but 35-45 or even more), but occasionally it can be shortened. Delays appear, periods may be absent for a long time - several months or even six months, and then resume. The amount of secretions may change - they become scarce or, conversely, abundant.

Menopause.

Menstruation ends with menopause. The fact of menopause is established retrospectively, one year after the cessation of menstruation.

Postmenopause.

Postmenopause begins 12 months after menopause. During postmenopause, menstruation does not go, the appearance of uterine bleeding indicates a malfunction in the body.

Can menstruation go after menopause? Normally, after menopause, menstruation no longer comes. However, some women experience uterine bleeding even in the postmenopausal period.. Abnormal uterine bleeding is familiar to approximately 15–20% of postmenopausal women.. In most cases, the cause of this condition is organic diseases: polyps and hyperplastic processes of the endometrium, fibroids, adenomyosis, tumors..

Causes of bleeding in postmenopause The main causes of bleeding in postmenopause include diseases of the endometrium, myometrium and ovaries:.

endometrial polyps;

submucosal, interstitial, subserous uterine fibroids;

hormone-producing ovarian tumors;

adenomyosis.

Less often, abnormal uterine bleeding is associated with the influence of medications, especially with hormone replacement therapy..

In addition, bleeding may occur due to extragenital causes, such as coagulopathy or cirrhosis of the liver..

What to do If uterine bleeding occurs in the postmenopausal period, you should immediately contact a gynecologist. The doctor will prescribe an examination aimed at identifying the cause of bleeding:.

general blood analysis;

coagulogram - to detect the pathology of the coagulation system;

biochemical blood test (liver complex) - to detect liver pathology;

blood test for hormones: estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones;

ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs;

smear for cytology;

if necessary - hysteroscopy and diagnostic curettage of the endometrium.

Therapy is aimed at eliminating the cause, the underlying disease is treated. In the absence of organic causes, symptomatic hemostatic therapy is prescribed..

What happens to the body during menopause Violation of menstrual function is far from the only symptom of menopause. Estrogen deficiency affects not only the uterus, but also other organs: the brain, skin, urogenital tract, mammary glands, heart, blood vessels, bones. Depending on the time of occurrence, early and late symptoms of menopause are distinguished.. How long menopausal symptoms will persist depends on heredity, the general condition of the body, the presence of concomitant diseases.

Early symptomsEarly symptoms appear during the menopausal transition. In addition to menstrual dysfunction, they include vegetative and psycho-emotional manifestations.. These symptoms can persist for a long time, for several years..

Group of symptoms.

How do they manifest.

Autonomic disorders.

Along with the violation of the menstrual cycle, one of the first symptoms of menopause are hot flashes.. Hot flashes are felt in the form of heat and excessive sweating, which are replaced by chills. Such attacks can be repeated 10-20 times a day.. Vegetative disorders are also manifested by fluctuations in blood pressure, redness of the skin, sweating, dizziness..

Psycho-emotional disorders.

Psycho-emotional disorders are manifested in the form of emotional lability, irritability, tearfulness. Women during menopause are more likely to develop depression.

Late Symptoms Late symptoms usually develop after menopause and include urogenital, cardiovascular, and bone changes..

Group of symptoms.

How do they manifest.

Urogenital disorders.

The mucous membrane of the urogenital tract is very sensitive to estrogens, so their deficiency in postmenopausal women leads to the development of the following symptoms:.

dryness of the mucous membrane;

Pain during intercourse;

Pain when urinating;

microflora disorders;

Burning and itching in the vagina.

Less often, weakness of the pelvic floor muscles occurs, which is clinically manifested by urinary incontinence..

Cardiovascular pathology.

Postmenopausal women are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease. Estrogen deficiency increases the risk of arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis, which can lead to such dangerous complications as myocardial infarction and stroke.

Osteoporosis and fractures.

Lack of estrogen affects the condition of the bones. Postmenopausal women experience increased bone loss, less dense bones, and more fractures.

What can be done with menopauseApproximately 60% of women experience manifestations of menopausal syndrome. It is impossible to restore a normal menstrual cycle, but it is quite possible to alleviate the course of menopause..

Lifestyle changesCare for women's health should begin even in reproductive age. Regular visits to the gynecologist, an active lifestyle, giving up bad habits, timely treatment of gynecological and endocrine diseases, proper nutrition - all this allows you to delay the onset of menopause..

With the onset of menopause, it is necessary to change the lifestyle that a woman led earlier. Foods rich in phytoestrogens should be added to the diet:.

bran;

peas;

beans;

lentils;

flax seeds.

It is recommended to stop smoking - nicotine accelerates the aging process and aggravates the manifestations of menopause. Sports, healthy sleep, autogenic training will help reduce the manifestations of vegetative and psycho-emotional disorders..

Regular exercise contributes to the normalization of the hormonal background of a woman in menopauseHormone replacement therapyHormone replacement therapy helps to get rid of early menopausal symptoms, as well as reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis and diseases of the cardiovascular system.

With natural menopause, combination therapy containing estrogens and gestagens is prescribed.. Therapy can be carried out in two modes - cyclic or continuous.

Hormone therapy regimen.

What is the essence, to whom is assigned.

Preparations.

Cyclical.

In a cyclic regime against the background of constant estrogen intake, a progestogen is added in the last 10–14 days of each month. With this regimen of hormonal therapy, a woman has monthly bleeding, resembling menstruation.. Cyclic mode is indicated for women in perimenopause.

Femoston;

Divina;

Klymen;

Klimonorm;

Divitren;

Trisequence.

Continuous.

The continuous combination regimen involves the daily intake of a combination of estrogen and progestogen.

This regimen is indicated for postmenopausal women and does not lead to the appearance of monthly bleeding..

Cliogest;

Premella.

Despite the many advantages, hormone replacement therapy also has disadvantages - the risk of malignant tumors of the endometrium and breast, thrombotic complications increases.. You should not choose drugs according to recommendations and reviews, hormone therapy should be selected by a doctor after a complete examination.

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