Cervical polyp refers to benign neoplasms localized in the walls of the cervical canal. Pathology can develop due to infection or after prolonged inflammation of the pelvic organs, as a response to stagnation of blood in the cervical canal or an increase in estrogen levels.

Polyp of the cervix occurs for various reasons and requires timely diagnosis and treatment Polyps look like smooth, finger-shaped, rounded or elongated growths on a thin leg or broad base. They may include glandular epithelium or connective tissue, or both types of tissue at the same time.

Women can be diagnosed with both single neoplasms and multiple. Depending on the age of the patient, her history, the size and place of attachment of the growths, the gynecologist individually selects the most effective method of treatment.

It should be borne in mind that the lack of timely therapy or self-medication can lead to dangerous consequences - uterine bleeding, infertility, as well as the degeneration of outgrowths into malignant tumors, which requires removal of the uterus.

Possible causes The triggering mechanism for the formation of outgrowths is not fully understood.. Most often, pathology is diagnosed in patients with hormonal disorders, chronic infections or inflammation of the genital organs..

Presumably, the appearance of polyps can lead to:.

diabetes;

progesterone deficiency;

inflammatory processes inside the uterine membrane;

endocrine system pathology;

overweight;

genetic predisposition;

having multiple spontaneous or induced abortions;

excess estrogen, which leads to overgrowth of the endometrium;

trauma to the pelvic organs resulting from childbirth or medical procedures.

In many cases, the disease is detected randomly during a preventive gynecological examination, which confirms the need for their regular conduct.

Risk group Taking into account the possible causes of the disease, as well as risk factors that contribute to the appearance of growths both in the cervix and in its other areas, a group of patients was determined in whom the probability of developing pathology is highest.

These include women over the age of 20 who have had two or more pregnancies, smokers and abuse alcoholic beverages, who have:.

deviations of the ovarian-menstrual cycle;

overweight;

hereditary or acquired diseases of the liver and gallbladder;

metabolic disorders, especially carbohydrate metabolism.

Symptoms of cervical polyps For the most part, the process of formation and growth of polyps takes a long time without severe symptoms.

Most often, patients complain of such signs of pathology as:.

grayish white or clear discharge;

spotting from the vagina after intercourse, douching, between periods or after menopause;

pulling pain in the lower abdomen;

menstrual irregularities.

Classification The following types of cervical polyps are distinguished:.

View.

Characteristic.

Glandular.

Formed from the mucous membrane of the cervical canal. They have a glandular structure, almond-shaped or rounded, a fine-grained surface from light pink to bluish-purple. Usually seen in patients of reproductive age. With proper treatment, relapses and complications are not observed.

Fibrous.

They are quite rare, mainly in women over the age of 40. They consist of connective tissues, which determines their dense structure, sometimes they include single glands.

Glandular fibrous.

In the vast majority of cases, they develop in women of reproductive age with a stable menstrual cycle. They include irregularly shaped glands of various lengths and connective tissues.. Much more often than other polyps, they are accompanied by circulatory disorders and inflammatory processes.

Adenomatous.

This kind of polyps is practically never found in its pure form.. Growths with focal adenomatosis are usually diagnosed. Such neoplasms after menopause, with endocrine and metabolic disorders, can degenerate into malignant tumors.

Angiomatous.

Most often appear during pregnancy, against the background of fluctuations in hormonal levels. This group is manifested by both true polyps and pseudopolyps.. The growths do not have a leg, but are attached to the cervix by their vascular body. In most cases, they resolve on their own within a few weeks after childbirth.. If the growths begin to bleed in early pregnancy, they are removed immediately, as they can lead to miscarriage.

Diagnosis To make a diagnosis, the doctor examines the patient's anamnesis and clarifies whether she had cysts, erosion in the past, as well as chronic diseases of various organs and systems.

To exclude the degeneration of a polyp into a malignant tumor, a histological examination of a sample of affected cells is required.

An ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs is mandatory (if necessary, a photo is taken), and if the presence of formations is confirmed, colposcopy, hysteroscopy or cervicoscopy are additionally prescribed.

To determine the type of polyps and their composition, diagnostic curettage of the walls of the cervix and histological examination of a sample of affected cells are performed. This makes it possible to clarify what type of tissue the tumor consists of, in order to exclude or confirm its tendency to malignant transformation..

neboleem. net.