The hormone adrenaline is an active compound whose synthesis site is the adrenal medulla. This is the main stress hormone along with cortisol and dopamine.. The target in the human body is alpha (1, 2), beta (1, 2) and D-adrenergic receptors.

In synthetic form obtained in 1901. Synthetic adrenaline called Epinephrine.

Adrenaline ensures the survival of the body in stressful situations. Hormone functions. Adrenaline has a huge effect on the body.. The list of its functions:.

Optimizes the operation of all systems in stressful situations, for which it is intensively developed in a state of shock, injuries, burns.

Leads to smooth muscle relaxation (intestines, bronchi).

Expands the pupil, which leads to exacerbation of visual reactions (reflex with a sense of fear).

Reduces the level of potassium ions in the blood, which can lead to convulsions or tremors. This is especially evident in the period after stress..

It activates the work of skeletal muscles (blood flow, increased metabolism). With prolonged exposure, the effect becomes opposite due to muscle exhaustion..

It has a sharp stimulating effect on the heart muscle (up to the occurrence of arrhythmia). Influence occurs in stages. Initially, an increase in systolic pressure (due to beta-1 receptors). In response to this, the vagus nerve is activated, which leads to reflex inhibition of heart rate. The action of adrenaline on the periphery (vasospasm) interrupts the action of the vagus nerve and blood pressure rises. Beta-2 receptors are gradually getting involved.. They are located on the vessels and cause their relaxation, which leads to a decrease in pressure.

Activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, resulting in an increase in blood pressure.

It has a strong effect on metabolism.. Catabolic reactions are associated with the release of large amounts of glucose into the bloodstream (energy source). Leads to the breakdown of proteins and fats.

It has a slight effect on the central nervous system (does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier). The benefit is mobilizing the brain's reserve capabilities (attention, reactions). The productivity of the hypothalamus increases (the neurotransmitter produces corticotropin), and through it the work of the adrenal glands (cortisol is released - the “hormone of fear”).

10.

Refers to anti-inflammatory and antihistamines. Its presence in the bloodstream inhibits the release of histamine (an inflammatory mediator).

eleven. Activates the coagulation system (increase in platelet count, peripheral vasospasm).

All the functions of the adrenaline hormone are aimed at mobilizing the body's life support (survival) in stressful situations. It can be present in the blood for an extremely short period.

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