Anemia is a group of clinical-hematological syndromes, the common point for which is the reduction of hemoglobin concentration in the blood, more often with a simultaneous decrease in the number of erythrocytes (or the total volume of red blood cells). The term "anemia" without detailed elaboration does not define a specific disease, that is, anemia should be considered one of the symptoms of various pathological conditions, according to the Internet publication for girls and women from 14 to 35 years old Pannochka. net The main symptoms of anemia For all types of anemia, severe weakness, dizziness, "ringing" in the ears, impaired coordination, sight, the appearance of sticky sweat, bouts of nausea, fainting, increased heart rate and breathing, lowering of blood pressure and other symptoms.

Causes of Anemia Anemia develops as a result of deficiency of iron or vitamins, bleeding, destruction (hemolysis) or a decrease in the lifespan of erythrocytes in the blood, normally 4 months, as well as due to hereditary or acquired defects or diseases. The key to clarifying the nature of anemia may be some symptoms. Thus, jaundice caused by a dramatically increased breakdown of hemoglobin, indicates a hemolytic process, and black stool can be a sign of bleeding in the intestine. There are different types of anemia, each of which has its own causes and methods of treatment.

A variety of anemia Iron deficiency anemia is the most common form of this condition. With iron deficiency, the bone marrow produces small pale erythrocytes depleted of hemoglobin. The disease is especially common among women of childbearing age, because of menstrual blood loss, and also because of the increasing body's need for iron during pregnancy. Pernicious anemia is a classic manifestation of a deficiency in the body of vitamin B12. Particularly sensitive to the deficiency of this vitamin is the bone marrow and tissues of the nervous system. In the absence of treatment, anemia and nerve degeneration develop. Pernicious anemia is most common in adults and is associated with gastric atrophy.

Anemia caused by blood loss. A large number of red blood cells can be lost with blood with prolonged or unnoticed bleeding. Such bleeding often occurs as a result of diseases of the gastrointestinal system, for example, ulcers, hemorrhoids, gastritis and cancer.

Anemia caused by erythrocyte destruction. This type of anemia is caused by the destruction of red blood cells. It includes hemolytic anemia, autoimmune anemia, sickle cell anemia and thalassemia:.

Hemolytic anemia. Sometimes the bone marrow does not cope with its task and can not produce enough cells, especially if premature destruction of erythrocytes occurs. Hemolytic anemia can be caused by many causes - in some cases it is caused by infections or certain medications, for example, antibiotics that destroy red blood cells. Triggers of hemolytic anemia can also be stressors, for example, a bite of a poisonous snake or an insect, as well as some products.

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia. With autoimmune hemolytic anemia, the immune system attacks erythrocytes, mistaking them for alien organisms. Destruction of erythrocytes can also provoke vascular grafts, artificial heart valves, tumors, severe burns, the effects of chemicals, high blood pressure and blood clotting disorders.

Sickle-cell anemia is caused by the destruction of red blood cells. Sickle-cell anemia is usually caused by genetic defects or hereditary disease. Symptoms of sickle cell anemia: fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, delayed sexual development, impaired immunity, susceptibility to infections, penile pain, chest pain and fertility decline.

Thalassemia is a severe form of anemia, in which red blood cells quickly break down, and iron deposits in the skin and vital organs. Anemia of this type is caused by a decrease in the production of hemoglobin or a violation of its production mechanism.

Treatment of anemia Therapy depends on the nature of the anemia-causing factors.

The best results are observed with the introduction of certain missing substances, for example iron with iron deficiency anemia, vitamin B12 with pernicious anemia and folic acid in sprue (a disease characterized by impaired intestinal absorption and accompanied by megaloblastic anemia).

Anemia caused by a decrease in erythrocyte production and arising from chronic diseases such as cancer, infection, arthritis, kidney disease and hypothyroidism is often poorly expressed and does not require special treatment. Treatment of the underlying disease should also benefit anemia. In some cases, it is necessary to cancel preparations that inhibit blood formation, - antibiotics or other chemotherapeutic agents.

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