Etiology Up to 75% of all severe esophageal lesions are caused by malignant neoplasms. Mostly men of older age are sick. At present, as predisposing factors, researchers singled out alcoholism, smoking, the constant use of hot dishes, scars after burns of the esophagus. The tumor is localized mainly in places of physiological narrowing. The disease develops from a multilayered flat epithelium. Esophagus cancer belongs to the squamous cell neoplasms. The most common nodular form of esophageal cancer. Over time, this cancer ulcerates. The ulcerative form of the disease is characterized by the most severe course, since it rapidly leads to dysphagia. Sclerosing form is infrequent (up to 10% of all cases of cancer). Metastasis occurs exclusively in the lymph nodes of the mediastinum, much less often - in the supraclavicular areas, the small omentum. Clinical picture The predominant symptom of the disease is an increasing dysphagia. At first, there are difficulties in swallowing solid food, later - with liquid. Often after eating, vomiting develops. Pain behind the sternum and in the epigastric region joins. There is an unpleasant smell from the mouth. The disease progresses. Patients lose weight, in the terminal stage develops cachexia.

Radiographic examination determines the sites of narrowing. The final confirmation of the diagnosis is carried out by esophagoscopy with targeted biopsy. Esophageal cancer is often accompanied by such formidable complications as its rupture with hemorrhage, the spread of neoplasm in surrounding tissues, including the mediastinum, into the lungs. Treatment Treatment is surgical, in some cases radiotherapy is prescribed.

VK. init ({apiId: 2853295, onlyWidgets: true});.

health. sumy. ua.