Despite the sad fact that few people in its history escaped the period - long or not very, who was lucky - dictatorial or authoritarian rule, the literary glory of the " Without specifics, because in this part of the world a portion of dictatorship - personal, collective (known in the Spanish word “hunt”, literally “unification, collection”) or mixed (hunta plus dictator) - almost no state bypassed a single state. This phenomenon has its own reasons (which are not the topic of this article), and he could not help but display in the literature.
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The first example of the genre is “tyrant Banderas”-the novel of the writer Ramon Maria del Val-Hinklan (1866–1936), one of the greatest authors of Spain of the twentieth century. The writer was in opposition to the relatively soft dictator of Primo de River, and as the Republican did not suffer from the Francisco Franco regime only because he did not live to establish it, prematurely died of cancer. Valle-Hanklan wrote his “tyrant Banderas” in 1926, drawing a picture of a conditional Latin American country with a typical set of attributes-a dictator who, old, suspects everyone of a desire to kill him and occupy a throne; rebels who do not disdain their means to tie a hated regime (even if for this you need to set fire to a convent to sow chaos); The luxury of dictatorial palaces and the wretchedness of his subjects. These attributes will wander from almost every new genre novel to the next. The description will become a description in most works not a specific country of the author, but conditional - when the author’s homeland is sometimes guessed, sometimes there is no.
20 years after the Tiran of Banderas, the novel of the Guatemal Miguel Angel Asturias (1899–1974) “Senor President” (published in Ukrainian in 1986), created in the spirit of magical realism, with a description of the life of the native country of the first quarter of the twentieth century, albeit without geographical concretization, was released.. In 1967, Asturias will receive the Nobel Prize in Literature with the wording “For vivid creative achievements, which is based on interest in the customs and traditions of the Indians of Latin America”.
It is noteworthy that the Ukrainian reader of the Guatemal Nobeliant was represented not only in Soviet times (except for the “President’s Senior”, in 1972 his “mournful Friday” was published), but also in our time in our time. This year, the Ivano-Frankivsk Publishing House "
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And in 1967, the classic of Mexican literature Carlos Fuentes (1928–2012) put forward the idea: to create a sort of anthology of the Latin American dictaturiad called " The idea was approved by his outstanding brothers from both continents. Many of them began to write the history of their country. And although the anthology did not work out, the plan was fruitful. In particular, it is to him that world literature owes the appearance of the “autumn of the Patriarch” of Colombian Rafael Garcia Marquez (1927–2014). The author dedicated this poem, completed in 1975, according to literary criticists, immediately a number of authoritarian leaders-Venezuela, Colombia, Mexico, Paraguay, Cuba (even the Dokastrovsky era) and, possibly, also the Spanish Kaudillo Franco, who led over the almost biblical term-incomplete forty years old. According to the author, he rewritten the book fifteen times.
It is significant that in the Soviet Union “Autumn of the Patriarch” for the first time from publishing in Ukrainian in 1978 in three numbers of the famous “All -Six” (translators Svetlana Zholob and Sergey Borschevsky). In Russian, a separate book was published in the same year, a few months later. Despite the difficult, grotesque text with classic author's techniques of mystical realism, " It can be assumed that in an corrosive satire on the Latin American old man who led the country for centuries, people of stagnation saw allusions with Soviet gerontocrats.
In 2020, the Publishing House of the Summit Book of this novel began a series of " This was the first book option " Translator Borschevsky made some editing to the updated editorial office. (It should be added, although this does not apply to the topic of dictatorium, that last year the Folio publishing house issued the last novel by Rafael Garcia Marquez “We will meet in August”. He worked on the book over the past years of life, and published it ten years after the death of the author, in 2024. This is the first and only novel of the writer whose main character is a woman. The Ukrainian translation was made by the translator and art critic Alexander Butsenko.
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The Paraguayan writer Augustos Roa Bastos and Cuban Alekho Karpenter also joined unrealized anthology.. ROA Bastos (1917–2005) dedicated his novel “I, Supreme” the events of the first half of the 19th century, when Paraguay only gained independence from Spain (1811). A few years later, the future “father of the nation” with the magnificent name Jose Gaspar Rodriguez de Fan and Velasco and Vladyka’s nicknames and Great Vladyka led the country. The eccentric and controversial, supreme dictator (this is also one of its titles) led Paraguay from 1814 to 1840. Unfortunately, the novel, although translated by Sergey Borschevsky about fifteen years ago, in the form of a book in Ukrainian, has not yet been published. As the translator himself noted in one of the interviews (part -time diplomat, poet and one of the best experts in Spanish Literature in Ukraine) back in 2014, “... a publishing house that will become interested in this work and redeem the copyright. This is a huge novel in volume, that is, not every publishing house will also take it. But the novel is unusually interesting, and the writer Augusto Roa Bastos is the primary. I hope the work will still come out during the life of the translator, because the author is no longer there " So the Ukrainian reader remains to be expected, and to get acquainted with the work of Bastos, only to find the novel “Son of Man” published in 1983 about the poor life of the Paraguayan peasants of the 30s of the last century. Or to find an emotionally very difficult film “Thirst” (1961), shot according to his scenario and dedicated to the meaningless war of Paraguay and Bolivia (1932–1935) for the disputed territory, mistakenly defined as rich in oil.
Alekho Karpenter (1904–1980), who is considered the Cuban writer despite the fact that he was the son of a Frenchman and Russians, who was most likely in Switzerland, was noted in the endless dictatorium, Roman “Proparability over the method” (1974). A cunning, implicated in the game of words, the name of the book refers to the treatise of Descartes and is literally translated close to the " Again a fictitious country without a clear binding on the ground, again the dictator (the period that begins shortly before the First World War and ends in 1927), elegant, maneigned, not indifferent to culture, art, social life and expeditions in the jungle in search of historical artifacts, and nevertheless ready to suppress and drown in the blood of those who are not delighted with his reign of his reign. The plot saturated with information at the end still slides into communist agitation, but does not become uninteresting from this. A small book that is in Ukrainian, that in the Russian translation contains many comments that become a sort of mini-encyclopedia in Americanism and not only. The novel was translated into the Ukrainian language shortly after writing, again in “All -Set” (1976). A small team worked here - Anatole Paul, Viktor Shovkun and Alexander Trekhotsky. In 2011, in the same version, the book went out of the press in the series “Library of World Literature” (Folio), along with the short and also saturated story “Baroque concert” dedicated to the development of human culture.
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You can complete the most superficial overview of the gallery of dictatorial literary portraits, the novel by Peruvian Mario Vargas Llosa (1936–2025) " Another chronicler of overseas dictatorships, the 2010 Nobel Prize laureate with the formulation “for the cartography of power structures and an acute image of human resistance, rebellion and defeat”, lived a long and bright life, in which there was even a rude of the presidency of Peru (which he lost to the future authoritarian leader Alberto Fuhimory). In 2014, the writer visited Kyiv and the Dnieper, and in 2022 he condemned Russian aggression and personally Vladimir Putin as a bloodthirsty dictator.
The events of the " The novel describes the murder in 1961 of Generalissimo Rafael Trukhillo, who received the nickname of a goat for his depraved character. The novel was filmed by the British in 2005, and last year it was published in Ukrainian (Publishing House " According to the preface of the publishing house, the “Cossack Feast” Mario Vargas Llosa and readers unanimously recognized the masterpiece of Latin American and world literature, one of the best written political novels ever written. Those who wish can verify this themselves.
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