When we hear the phrase “fighting the shadow economy,” we usually imagine illegal cigarettes or alcohol, counterfeit tax stamps or their smuggling at customs. But this is just the tip of the iceberg. In fact, the “shadow” in Ukraine is not one sphere, but a whole parallel economy with its own rules, logistics, participants and survival mechanisms. And while the state sees only individual fragments of it, the country’s budget loses hundreds of billions of hryvnia every year.
The following is the text in the original language.? Estimates vary, but according to official data from the Ministry of Economics, part of the shadow economy amounts to close to a third of GDP. This means that the third hryvnia is determined by law: without taxes, publicity and social guarantees. And if the “gray” zones are added, where the destruction is even obvious, but has not been formally completed or has not fallen under the radar of law enforcement and control authorities, then the figure may be even higher.
The reasons for this phenomenon are not least greed or weak control. Stinks are often heard in systemic issues: distrust of the state, complex filing procedures, instability of the rules of the game, defective institutional memory, etc.. Business does not go into the shadows out of contentment, but out of chaos.
“Shadow” – not only counterfeit YouTube and alcohol, as you can guess from most public discussions about the shadow economy. Unfortunately, there are other areas that will be deprived of respect. First of all, even Ukraine is quickly spending billions of dollars through the illegal production of burshtin, sand, crushed stone, as well as mineral waters (there are many cases when facts of illegal production are regularly recorded). This is not just “municipal waste schemes” – it is a systemic drainage of municipal budgets and natural resources. In addition, under the surface it is also necessary to understand the illegal species of brown copalin, if we are talking not only about small quarries, but about large segments: ore for metallurgical enterprises, coal, naphtha and gas. A significant portion of experimental and mothballed drillings actually continue to be traded illegally, and illegal tappings in pipelines have become an ostracized form of “business.”. The powers spent on these schemes amount to billions of hryvnias.. In other words, mitnitsa and foreign economic activity through lowered mitnitsa profitability, “twisting” during exports, unreturned foreign exchange earnings, these are the classical methods that have been influencing the economy for decades. Thirdly, fuel and energy: from “dry” gas stations to pseudo-distribution, for example, diesel, which lowers the excise tax. Fourthly, the “shadow” in the agricultural sector is no less large-scale. According to analysts’ estimates, up to a quarter of rural lands are acquired in the shadows, for cooking, without paying taxes and without official information. Part of the export is obtained through fictitious companies with reduced prices for products and without reversal of foreign exchange earnings. This is not only a waste of tax inputs, but also a distortion of the competitive environment, in which the honest farmer will lose to the one who follows the rules. And, of course, salaries in envelopes, splitting into private entrepreneurs, online gambling and fictitious companies that appear on paper. This is not just a set of schemes. This infrastructure is so sophisticated that the Swiss, the lower power, lives and lives.
Feed to chaos One of the main nodes of the shadow economy is the MPE system. In Ukraine, a paradox has long been formed: the state tries to fight against “twists”, but often punishes the wrong ones. The SMKOR monitoring system is conceived as an analytical filter that detects fictitious invoices, but in practice it often blocks real businesses, so that “fictits” can bypass the barriers.
According to various estimates, expenditures to the budget from the fictitious maximum per capita amount to tens of billions of hryvnias.. But the problem is not just the pennies, but the fact that if the business does not register, tomorrow your tax invoice will not be “blocked” without explanation, it does not invest, does not expand, does not trust. And distrust is the greatest shadow, as it is important to die out in hundreds of GDP.
Where do they “know” pennies Tennisation mechanisms have long evolved. If there are primitive schemes “on paper”, then today the goals are based on the receipts of IT solutions, fictitious companies, intermediary banks and pseudo-outsourcers.
And two equal games: “operators” who constantly twirl the circuits, and “architects” who design them, adapting them to legislative standards. The most important problem. Therefore, reliability may be an instruction not only for the “Viconavians”, but also an advantage for the organizers of economic schemes, and even more importantly – to fight the cause, and not the legacy of the scheme. And in this regard, we must directly reform criminal legislation.
There are two ways to fight the shadows: repression or systemism. The first strategy gives a short-term effect, because, for example, one scheme was “cracked” today, and three new ones grew tomorrow. The other one is visible to the hour, but the middle forms, where the shadow becomes invisible. What is needed for:.
Okremo varto zagadat registrations in the parliament of the bill on the creation of the " Talk about the people through whom financial transactions take place without real economic change. The establishment of such a register can be an effective way to combat “gray” financial schemes, and also allow the identification of fictitious transfer schemes. At the same time, this tool is used to avenge the risk of supernatural control over the population: it is important that the system is small in terms of criteria, the procedure is distorted and does not turn into a mechanism for sufficiently blocking the arches.
The fight against " If a power spends billions through the shadows, it spends not a penny, it wastes opportunity. In the hour of war this is especially critical.
That's a hryvnia that went to the "
The dark economy is not about abstract concepts and not about internal statistics.. Tse food vizhivannya. And if we have not learned to fight it systematically, then the generous tax amnesty and international assistance will not compensate for the loss of trust.
Ukraine can overcome this fight. For the sake of this need, stop elevating “shadow” to counterfeit. This is not a fight against common evil - this is a strategy of economic security. From this very May, Rozmova’s talk about the renewal of the state will begin.