The 9th day of the month of August (this year - August 1), the day on which the most difficult trials and the most terrible tragedies fell. The most famous of them are the destruction of the First and Second Temple, the expulsion of Jews from Jerusalem and Spain, the beginning of deportation from the Warsaw ghetto and the start of the concentration camp in Treblinka.

In the middle of summer on the Jewish calendar there is a three-week mourning prelude, called "bein a-mzorim", "between the gorges". It was these days almost two thousand years ago in the streets of Jerusalem were fierce battles - the Roman legions were chopping the way to the Temple, and the Jews bravely defended their sanctuary (now in order to go from the fortress wall to the Wailing Wall, it takes 4 minutes, and the Romans on It took three weeks!). This funeral period ends on the ninth of the Jewish month of Aug, the day the First and Second Temples were destroyed.

9 av is the apogee of the national tragedy, the day in which Jews fast in memory of the destroyed Temples.

A few words for the order and customs of this day ... The fast begins with the sunset on the day preceding the ninth (this year - the evening of July 31, at 20. 29), and continues until dark (before the release of the stars) on the day of the Ninth Av (this year - the evening of August 1, at 21. 03).

The last meal before the start of the fast (called "seudA-mafset", "sharing a meal") begins with a boiled egg - the traditional symbol of grief and eating mourners, which is dipped in ashes, as a reminder of the burned Temple.

During the entire post (that is, almost 25 hours) • Do not eat or drink (t. Absolutely nothing to eat or drink);.

• Do not bathe (you can only rinse your hands for hygiene purposes);.

• Do not enter into an intimate relationship;.

• Do not use perfume ("incense and mashing");.

• Do not wear leather shoes;.

It is not accepted to work or do business (or, if these cases are urgent, they are engaged from the second half of the day), and the first half of the day (starting from the evening of the previous day) are sitting on the floor or on a low bench, as is customary in mourners;.

9 Av do not study the Torah, because it is the source of joy. Read and study only the texts related to the expression of sorrow and sorrow book "Eich" (Weeping Irmiyahu) and mourning elegy, which are called "kinos".

9 avas in the synagogue do not include bright illumination, leaving a dim, dimmed light corresponding to the day of mourning and removing the Paroic (curtain) hanging in front of Aron-koidesh (the closet where the Torah scrolls are kept). On this day the Jews do not greet each other (the word "shalom" of one root with the word "helmet" (perfection), and just on this day we are from him oh how far) and at meetings-farewell are limited to nods. However, if a person who is unfamiliar with this custom greets him, he is answered with a greeting, not expressing, however, excessive joy and, making it clear that "not the time is now".

BLACK DAY OF CALENDAR Day 9 av is considered the most unfortunate day in Jewish history, the day that brought a lot of disasters to the Jewish people.

It all started in 2449 from the Creation of the World, in the second year of the Exodus from Egypt (1312 BC). ), When the generation of Jews, 16 months earlier released from Egypt under the leadership of Moshe-Rabeinu (Moses), was condemned by the Almighty to perish in the desert. Then they were predicted that they would reach Eretz Israel (Israel) only after 40 years of wandering in the desert. Why? After the 8th Ava reconnaissance scouts had frightened the listeners with tales of the terrible giants and predicted the imminent death of the people when they attempted to conquer this land, the Jews mourned their sad fate all night, saying that they would rather return to Egypt than try to conquer This land and live on it. And then Gd decided that this generation will wander in the desert for 40 years, until all people older than 20 die, and only their children, under the leadership of Yoshua bin-Nun (Joshua), will be able to enter the country promised The house of Israel in eternal possession.

And here are a few sad events of this day.

9 Av 3337 (423 BC). ) - the destruction of the First Temple by the Babylonians. This led to the fact that the location of the Temple left Shechina (Divine Presence), most of the evidence of the events described in the Torah-the Ark of the Covenant, the tables of the Covenant, the staves of Aharon and Moshe, the seven-candle-menorah and. True, it is believed that, on the eve of the impending tragedy, these things were hid in advance in the bowels of the Temple Mount and with the restoration of the Temple all this will again be extracted from secret places.

9 av 3829 (69 year old). ) - the destruction of the Second Temple by the Romans.

After the destruction of the Second Temple, sacrifices were stopped (they will be resumed after the restoration of the Temple), as well as lost or destroyed temple utensils. And if the destruction of the First Temple led to the exile of Babylon, which lasted 70 years, the death of the Second Temple became a prelude to the expulsion of the present, which has been enduring for almost 2000 years.

9 av 3893 (133 years old). ) - The fall of the fortress of Beitar.

Beitar was the last stronghold defended by the soldiers of the Bar-Kokhba army - the leader of the Great Uprising. On this day, after a three-year siege, Beitar fell and his fall put an end to this uprising. In total, during his famine or at the hands of the Romans, nearly 600,000 Jews died, including Bar Kochba himself.

9 av of 3895 (135 years old). ) - Jerusalem was razed to the ground, and its territory was plowed.

In an effort to destroy all memory of the Jews who caused so much trouble to Rome by their rebellion, Emperor Hadrian ordered the renaming of the Roman province of Judea to Palestine, and Jerusalem to destroy and its territory to plow. In place of the Jewish capital, the Roman settlement of Elia Kapitolina was erected and access to its territory was allowed to Jews for one day a year - 9 avas, so that they could cry near the Temple Mount and the remains of the western wall of the temple complex (the Wailing Wall).

9 av 4885 (July 14, 1095). ) - Pope Urban II announced the beginning of the first crusade, as a result of which the Crusaders killed tens of thousands of Jews and destroyed many Jewish communities.

9 av 4906 (July 20, 1146). ) - Pogroms in the Jewish communities of Germany and France during the second crusade.

9 av 5050 (July 18, 1290. ) - The expulsion of Jews from England.

On this day, King Edward I signed a decree banishing Jews from the British Isles.

9 av 5252 (August 2, 1492). ) - The expulsion of Jews from Spain.

The decree on the expulsion of Jews from the territory of Spain, signed on that day by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, closed the last page of the centuries-old history of the brilliant Spanish community.

9 av 5108 (July 5, 1348). ) - European Jews are accused of organizing one of the largest plague epidemics in history ("Black Death"),. This accusation led to a brutal wave of pogroms and murders.

9 Av 5315 (July 27, 1555). ) - Jews of Rome relocated to the first in the history of the ghetto.

9 av 5317 (15 July 1567 year). ) - Resettlement in the ghetto of the remaining Jews of Italy.

9 Av 5408 (July 18, 1648). ) - Massacre of tens, or even hundreds of thousands of Jews in Poland, Ukraine and Bessarabia, arranged by Khmelnitsky and his associates.

9 av 5642 (July 25, 1882). ) Jewish pogroms within the Pale of Settlement of the Russian Empire.

9 av 5674 (August 1, 1914). ) - The beginning of the First World War.

The first world brought innumerable disasters to the entire European continent. The main theater of military operations on the Eastern Front fell on the Pale of Settlement of the Russian Empire and the Russian authorities, suspecting the Jews of loyalty to the advancing German and Austro-Hungarian troops, decided to evict all Jews from the front line. This led to the ruin and death of many Jewish towns, and the consequence of the world war was the revolution and civil war with its Denikin, Petlyura, Makhnovist pogroms and the Soviet-Polish war, where pogroms were arranged by both sides.

9 av 5702 (July 23, 1942).

) - Beginning of deportation (and in fact - destruction) of Jews from the Warsaw ghetto (the Germans were not strangers to mysticism and tried in every possible way to coincide with their "actions on the solution of the Jewish question" to the Jewish dates, especially highlighting 9 av).

9 av 5702 (July 23, 1942). ) - The beginning of the work of the death camp in Treblinka.

9 Av 5754 (17 July 1994). ) - Explosion in the Jewish Community Center (AMIA) of Buenos Aires.

The explosion in the capital of Argentina, organized by Arab terrorists, was the bloodiest action against Jews in the countries of the Diaspora since the Holocaust. During the explosion, 86 people were killed and more than 120 people were injured..