Constantly growing volumes of transmitted information require from modern families of mobile communication higher speeds, better and reliable communication. 5G-networks of the next generation are able to provide users with not only all of the above, but also much more. But at present, 5G networks are still in the making, many companies, scientific and industrial groups are now trying to develop all the necessary technologies and develop a common standard.

According to the already established requirements for 5G networks, these networks will have to provide high data rates to subscribers who are moving at high speed while sitting in a car or other vehicle, for example. Some engineering groups have already developed a number of technologies that will ensure the operation of 5G networks in such conditions, while network delays will not exceed one millisecond (compared to 40-70 milliseconds in 4G networks), and peak data rates will be At a level of 20 gigabits per second (compared to 1 gigabit per second in 4G networks).

It is not yet clear which of the new technologies will be used in 5G networks, but there are already a few "favorites" - the use of millimeter wave, MIMO technology, full-duplex mode, the formation of directed beams and the use of small base stations.

Small base stations are portable analogues of normal mobile base stations that require a small amount of energy to operate. In an urban environment, such stations should be located at a distance of 250 meters from each other. Naturally, to provide coverage in the city may require thousands of such stations, forming a single "relay" network, which is able to transmit data to a user who is in any place.

The implementation of 5G-networks based on small base stations will require an even more developed and ramified concurrent infrastructure. However, the antennas of these stations operating in the millimeter range will have small overall dimensions that will make it possible to easily place stations on lampposts, walls of buildings and on elements of the structure of other structures.

In addition to the above advantages, the architecture of 5G networks with small base stations will allow more efficient use of the entire allocated radio-frequency spectrum. Due to the small coverage area of ??each station, the same frequency can be used to serve different clients by two nearby base stations. But this architecture has a drawback, a large number of required small base stations will make it economically inexpedient to deploy 5G networks in sparsely populated rural areas.