“Today, cancer can sometimes be cured faster than a cold,” says Vsevolod Matveev, Dr.. , Professor, Head of the Department of Oncourology, Russian Cancer Research Center named after. Blokhin RAMS, President of the Society of Oncourologists. What needs to be done for this, he told us.

Kidney in the pelvis - Vsevolod Borisovich, five years ago, oncologists said that kidney cancer is one of the most intractable. How about today?

- In oncology, there are practically no problems with cure in the early stages, whether it is kidney cancer or any other. For example, with stage I kidney cancer, 97% of patients are completely cured after surgery.. With the second stage - about 85%. Over the past 10 years, we have learned how to save patients with advanced stages, even those in whom a tumor from the kidney grows into vital vessels, forming tumor thrombi, sometimes reaching the heart..

- You still perform absolutely fantastic operations, removing a tumor from a patient's kidney outside his body.

- Indications for such an operation are extremely rare.. But there are very difficult situations when both kidneys are affected by a common tumor process, or the second kidney does not work well due to other diseases - urolithiasis, pyelonephritis. Until recently, such patients had no other alternative than removal of the kidney along with the tumor, and they were doomed to lifelong hemodialysis.. Why could not save the organ? A maximum of an hour after the start of the operation, the kidney, left without blood supply, still died. Surgeons just didn't have the time. We have developed a technique in which we first remove the kidney from the body, wash it with a preservative solution used by transplantologists, cool it in a basin with ice (so it can remain “alive” for a day), remove the tumors and transplant them back to the patient.

- After learning that he has cancer, a person always asks the question: “Why did this happen to me? » - The exact cause of kidney cancer is difficult to establish. However, there are certain risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, frequent use of phenacetin-containing painkillers, smoking.. But this does not mean at all that everyone who has them will definitely get kidney cancer.. Prevention of this disease, by and large, does not exist..

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How then can you be saved

- The key to success is early diagnosis.

We recommend doing an ultrasound examination of the kidneys once a year.. If you are relaxing in a sanatorium, undergo an examination for a cardiological disease, and at the same time do an ultrasound of the kidneys. It is harmless, relatively inexpensive and allows you to detect kidney tumors at an early stage..

The slowest - What examinations need to be done to check other organs of the genitourinary system?

- With the prostate gland, everything is much easier. All men over the age of 45 should have their blood checked for prostate specific antigen (PSA) once a year.. An increase in this marker makes it possible to suspect prostate cancer at an early stage..

- But our man, if nothing hurts, will not go to the doctors. Why not introduce mandatory screening for all men?

- Two serious studies in Europe and the USA showed that in order to save one man from prostate cancer, it is necessary to examine 1.5 thousand. and treat 47. For the rest 46, screening will be useless: if they came to the doctor, just when they had complaints, the result would be the same. Prostate cancer, unlike cancer of the stomach, lung, kidney, develops extremely slowly.. Despite the fact that this disease is detected in every 5th man, only one in 30th dies from it.. Most die completely from other diseases..

The problem is that we can't tell the difference between the man who needs to be treated (aggressive cancer that quickly metastasizes) and the one who doesn't.. After all, any treatment has serious side effects..

The main warning symptom in bladder cancer is the appearance of blood in the urine.. In this case, immediately contact a urologist, and preferably an oncologist.. Heavy smokers have a tenfold increased risk of bladder cancer! And if a person does not quit smoking during treatment, he is practically doomed.. Carcinogenic substances in tobacco smoke stimulate tumor cell growth.

- I read that if the bladder had to be removed for cancer, today they make an artificial one from their own intestines.

- Early stages of superficial bladder cancer can be easily cured with a small endoscopic surgery. However, there are aggressive, poorly differentiated forms of bladder cancer that are very malignant, grow deep into the bladder wall and quickly metastasize.. To save such a patient, you need to remove the entire bladder. The question arises: how can a person live without him? Previously, such patients had to constantly wear urinals.. Now we perform orthotopic plastic surgery, that is, we create an artificial bladder from different parts of the intestine so that a person can maintain normal urination. Unfortunately, such operations can not be done by everyone..

- What do you wish men, how to save yourself?

- Let it sound trite, but I urge everyone not to smoke, because this bad habit dramatically increases the risk of developing cancer not only of the lung, but also of the bladder, kidney, lip, tongue and many others. If symptoms appear, see a doctor as soon as possible. And do not be afraid that you will find something. Cancer at an early stage today can be cured faster than a cold. In case of kidney cancer, for example, at an early stage, we perform a laparoscopic operation (we remove the tumor through small punctures), and the person goes home healthy in two days. A cold is treated for seven days.

Julia Borta nedug. en.

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