Edema of the nasal mucosa is a pathological condition resulting from many diseases.. It is a consequence of excessive blood filling of blood vessels and their increased permeability. Accompanied by a violation of the breathing process, in the absence of adequate treatment - oxygen starvation of tissues. Leads to a decrease in the protective functions of the nasal cavity, complicates the perception of odors and the formation of sounds.

Swelling of the nasal mucosa interferes with normal breathing, and creates other problems Causes of swelling of the nasal mucosa There can be many etiological factors that provoke swelling of the inner lining of the nasal cavity:.

infectious (viral, bacterial diseases);

allergic (plant pollen, animal dander, house dust, mites, mold spores, food products, medicines);

traumatic (mechanical damage, toxic chemicals, temperature effects);

anatomical (curvature of the septum, deformity of the turbinates, neoplasms).

Nasal congestion is only a symptom of various diseases, and not an independent nosological unit.. Swelling of the mucosa practically does not exist in isolation, but is accompanied by a runny nose, burning, sneezing, tearing, sometimes fever and pains of various localization and intensity. The combination and severity of complaints depend on the pathology underlying their appearance..

Etiological factor.

Explanation.

Infectious diseases.

Acute respiratory infections of viral origin (adenoviral, parainfluenza, rhinovirus, etc.). ) - the most common cause of swelling of the nasal passages. Bacteria rarely act as a trigger for congestion, much more often they are the cause of complications..

Allergic diseases.

Their number is growing rapidly as a result of the deteriorating environmental situation, the use of household chemicals, the presence of occupational hazards, and smoking..

Damage to the nasal passages.

Occurs with mechanical injuries (abrasions, bruises, fractures). Long-term hypothermia, thermal and chemical burns, particles of industrial waste contained in the inhaled air lead to a violation of the integrity of the epithelium and excessive blood flow.. Irritants of this kind enter the body when working in hazardous industries..

Anatomical obstacles.

Curvature of the septum, congenital narrowing of the passages, deformation of the shells, retraction of the back of the nose also interfere with free breathing and provoke mucosal edema. In addition to anatomical defects, polyps, foreign bodies, neoplasms serve as an obstacle to the path of the air stream..

Whatever the cause of nasal congestion, it disrupts the functioning of the organ, and also worsens the general condition of the body.. Why? Because the body does not receive the oxygen it needs to nourish tissues.

What causes swelling of the nasal passages The performance of the nose's respiratory, protective, olfactory functions directly depends on the state of its inner shell.

Violation of nasal breathing Severe swelling makes nasal breathing difficult, in which the chest expands more fully than when inhaling through the mouth, and oxygen enters the tissues. The lack of the latter negatively affects the functioning of human organs and systems..

Violation of the cleaning function, odor recognition and voice timbre changeOnly in the normal state of the mucous membrane, the air passing through the nasal cavity is warmed, humidified, cleaned of dust and microorganisms, and odorous substances penetrate the sensitive receptors, starting the odor recognition procedure. Edema disrupts not only these processes, but also prevents the correct formation of sounds.. As a result, the timbre of the voice changes, nasality appears.

Development of complications Lack of timely correction and predisposing factors lead to the development of complications. Contribute to their appearance low immunity, systemic and endocrine diseases, varieties of pathogenic microflora resistant to antibiotics. The latter is especially important, since it is bacterial infections that most often cause negative consequences..

The spread of the inflammatory process from the nasal cavity to the mucosa of one or more paranasal sinuses leads to the development of sinusitis. The maxillary and frontal sinuses are most commonly affected.. Inflammation of the first - sinusitis, the second - frontal sinusitis. A breakthrough of pus into the surrounding tissues with ineffective treatment of bacterial sinusitis provokes the involvement of the orbit and even the meninges in the pathological process.

It is possible to avoid the development of complications, get rid of persistent functional disorders by choosing the right treatment tactics, and it is desirable to start treating the disease as early as possible..

Treatment of swelling of the nasal mucosa The choice of drugs to eliminate nasal congestion directly depends on its nature. For an effective and stable result, symptomatic correction is not enough, it is necessary to influence the cause of the disease.. Both the lack of adequate treatment and the prolonged uncontrolled use of medicines are unacceptable..

Treatment of infection In acute viral infections, you can limit yourself to the use of vasoconstrictor drops. By acting on the muscle layer of the vessel wall, they reduce their lumen and facilitate breathing.. It is recommended to use such funds for no more than 5-7 days.. During this time, the body usually copes with viruses.. Prolongation of the intake leads to malnutrition of the mucosal cells and the occurrence of drug-induced rhinitis. Bacterial infections require antibiotics.

Vasoconstrictor drops help relieve swelling of the nasal mucosa, but do not get rid of its cause. In case of nasal edema of microbial origin, washing the cavity with saline solutions is indicated.. Procedures contribute to the mechanical cleansing of passages from mucous and purulent secretions, relieve congestion. Salt solutions can be either prepared at home or purchased at a pharmacy.. Other folk methods are also appropriate, you can irrigate with decoctions of herbs (chamomile, sage, horsetail), inhalations with essential oils (eucalyptus, cedar, fir).

Allergy treatmentTo get rid of allergic puffiness, contact with the allergen is excluded, in parallel, antihistamines of local and systemic action are used. Sprays and drops quickly stop itching and sneezing. Tablet preparations? generations are deprived of a hypnotic effect, do not disrupt the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, so they are taken for a long time. With persistent allergies resort to sprays containing corticosteroid hormones. Intranasal route enhances their safety profile.

Elimination of deformityConservative treatment of congestion with curvature of the nasal septum is not enough. Only prompt elimination of anatomical deformities allows achieving a lasting result.. Surgical intervention is also resorted to for injuries that violate the structure of the nose..

During the recovery period, antimicrobial agents are indicated, at later stages - oil solutions that prevent the formation of crusts.

Long-term swelling of the nasal mucosa reduces physical and social activity, leads to sleep disturbance. Preventive and therapeutic measures should be carried out taking into account the cause and mechanism of development of this pathological condition.. Only this approach leads to a positive result..

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