The cyst of the left ovary, as well as the right one, is a benign cavitary neoplasm, consisting of an outer shell and liquid internal contents.. It is formed in the structure of the ovary and increases its volume due to the retention or excess accumulation of fluid in the previously existing cavity. In this it differs from true tumors of the gonads, the growth of which occurs due to cell proliferation.. Occurs in women at any age. In the absence of complications, it is often asymptomatic. Therapeutic tactics is determined by the type and size of the formation, the presence and severity of clinical manifestations.

The cyst of the left ovary has the same causes of formation as the right one Varieties of cysts of the left ovary The most common types of ovarian cysts are:.

follicular;

corpus luteum;

paraovarian;

endometrioid;

dermoid.

The first two types are formed from the natural structures of the female gonads - the follicle and the corpus luteum. They are called functional, they respond to monthly cyclical fluctuations in hormone levels..

Functional cavity formations of the ovaries The direct cause of the occurrence of functional cavity formations in the ovary is the lack of timely regression of the dominant follicle or corpus luteum.

Follicular ovarian cystA follicular cyst is a consequence of follicle persistence, a process in which a maturing dominant follicle does not ovulate in the middle of the menstrual cycle, but continues to grow. The accumulating follicular fluid stretches the cavity of the follicle, and a cystic formation appears.. A formal sign of the transition of the follicle into a cyst is its size more than 3 cm..

Such cystic formations are unilateral, they form with the same frequency both in the left and in the right ovary.. They are round, single-chamber with a thin elastic capsule up to 8-10 cm in diameter, more often 5-6 cm. They usually occur after puberty, which confirms their hormonal dependence. The reason for the appearance is associated with a reduced hormonal function of the gonads, leading to an increase in the level of gonadotropic hormones of the anterior pituitary gland..

Cyst of the corpus luteumThe development of the luteal, or cyst of the corpus luteum, is due to the fact that after ovulation the follicular cavity does not collapse and is not completely filled with luteal cells, as it should be, but continues to exist and stretches with serous fluid. The emerging cystic formation differs from the normal corpus luteum only in a large size (up to 7-8 cm in diameter).

Its walls are represented by luteal cells, which go through all stages of development of a normal corpus luteum:.

proliferation;

vascularization;

heyday;

reverse development.

Thus, the luteal cyst is a functioning cystic corpus luteum. Its formation is associated with increased production of gonadotropic hormones, it is also possible to develop against the background of the inflammatory process of the ovaries..

Non-functional cavity formations Non-functional cavity formations of the female gonads do not respond to monthly cyclic hormonal changes. They may originate from ovarian tissue, such as endometrioma, or be of non-ovarian origin, such as a paraovarian cyst..

Endometrioma Endometriosis is a disease in which the cells of the inner lining of the uterus, or endometrium, enter other organs.. Since the endometrial tissue has receptors for sex hormones, at any localization it is subject to cyclic changes that are completely similar to the processes that occur with the mucous membrane inside the uterus..

Small bleeding from the endometriosis focus, which occurs monthly, leads to the formation of a cavity filled with blood in the ovary. The latter, accumulating over time, thickens, darkens and becomes similar in consistency and color to a liquid chocolate mass.. This allows such cysts to be called "

The etiology of endometriomas has not been finally established, several theories are considered:.

implantation;

embryonic;

immune;

migratory.

There is no single concept of the occurrence of pathology, but the presence of provoking factors is not disputed, including:.

hormonal disorders;

inflammatory processes;

heredity;

abnormal position of the uterus.

Endometriomas can be both superficial and small, as well as large single ones, reaching 10-15 cm in diameter..

Paraovarian cyst In women, in the wide uterine ligament between the ovary and the tube, there is a periovarian appendage, or paraophoron. It is represented by a network of thin small tubules, combined into one channel, and is an organ that has lost its significance.. When the secret in the lumen of the tubules lingers and accumulates, an appendage cyst is formed, called paraovarian.

The appendage develops as much as possible during the formation and flowering of the menstrual function.. It is at this age that cysts of the periovarian epididymis are most often detected.. They are round or oval in shape with a smooth surface and transparent, watery contents.. Sizes vary from 1-2 to 15-20 centimeters.

The formation is located between the sheets of the broad ligament of the uterus. With its growth towards the abdominal cavity, one of the sheets protrudes with the formation of a leg, including the fallopian tube, and sometimes its own ovarian ligament.

Dermoid A dermoid, or dermoid cyst, is a benign tumor - a mature teratoma that has external signs of a cyst and develops in violation of the processes of embryonic development. Sometimes the appearance of a dermoid is associated with trauma.

Dermoid is usually formed on one side. It is grayish-whitish in color with a smooth surface, has great mobility due to the long stem, which creates favorable conditions for its torsion.. The growth of the dermoid is slow, usually it does not reach large sizes..

The consistency of the dermoid is often uneven: elastic in some areas, dense to stony in others. The content is thick and resembles fat; hair, bones, teeth, rudiments of eyes, ears are often found in it..

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