Nasal polyps in children and adults are most often called hypertrophic degeneration of the nasopharyngeal gland.. In fact, polyps are benign neoplasms localized on the mucous membrane (they can also appear on other hollow organs).

Nasal polyps are most often diagnosed in children aged 4–7 years. Most often, nasal polyps are diagnosed in children aged 4 to 7 years..

There are three stages of polyp development:.

Formations cover the minimum part of the nasal space.

II. This stage is characterized by the growth of connective tissue so that most of the lumen of the nasal sinus is blocked.

III. Characterized by complete obstruction of the airways.

Causes The cause of the appearance of polyps in the nose of a child may be:.

hereditary predisposition;

deviated septum;

chronic diseases of the nose (sinusitis, sinusitis, rhinitis);

infectious diseases (adenoiditis, tonsillitis, acute respiratory infections, influenza);

narrow nasal passages;

cystic fibrosis;

allergic diseases;

bronchial asthma.

Symptoms of nasal polyps in children At the first stage of the disease, its symptoms are practically absent, nasal breathing persists. But as the formations grow, the following symptoms occur:.

difficulty in nasal breathing. The child constantly breathes through an open mouth. His sleep becomes restless, the baby snores heavily (especially if he rolls over on his back), and wakes up tired and lethargic. These children often suffer from headaches.;

nasality. Neoplasms prevent air from entering the nasal cavity and sinuses, which are actively involved in the production of sounds. The baby's voice changes, becomes quiet and nasal. He constantly talks like he has a stuffy nose.;

hearing impairment. The growths block the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube, as a result of which the air pressure changes and hearing deteriorates;

frequent colds. Hypertrophied tonsils become a constant source of infection in the body, which leads to a deterioration in immunity.;

otitis media. Infection enters the Eustachian tube and causes inflammation. The disease is difficult to treat and can recur;

frequent rhinitis, difficult to treat. In many cases, a secondary infection joins and mucopurulent discharge from the nose appears.;

neurological disorders. Constant hypoxia leads to the fact that the child becomes weak, lethargic, suffers from migraines. Such children are characterized by poor academic performance, they find it difficult to study..

Due to the presence of polyps that disrupt nasal breathing, an adenoid type of face is formed in the child.. If the formation is not removed in time, this leads to changes in the shape of the skull, which is clearly visible even in the photo..

Breathing through the mouth causes malocclusion. Deformation of the teeth occurs: the anterior teeth of the upper jaw protrude forward, and the lower jaw becomes too wide and takes on the shape of a wedge.

The mouth is constantly in a half-open state. In severe cases, chest deformity can occur as a result of insufficient inspiratory volume..

DiagnosisThe pathology is treated by an otolaryngologist. In order to identify polyposis, the doctor examines the nasopharynx using a special mirror.. The instrument is inserted through the mouth and the child is asked to breathe through the nose (the sky drops and the view improves).

To make a diagnosis, you need to contact an otolaryngologist. A digital examination of the nasopharynx allows you to determine the size of the formations.. The finger is inserted into the mouth, the nasopharynx is raised and the polyps are felt. The procedure is carried out very quickly, as it is difficult to tolerate..

If the doctor has doubts, he may prescribe an x-ray of the nasopharynx in a lateral projection or computed tomography.

Drug treatment of nasal polyps in childrenConservative treatment is carried out if the child has nasal breathing, no hearing problems and other serious complications.

As part of the complex treatment, local vasoconstrictors are prescribed. In the complex therapy of the disease, the following agents are used:.

Preparations.

Description.

Antibiotics: Augmentin, Amoxil, Cefutil, Cefuroxime.

These drugs are used if there is an inflammatory process, the causative agent of which is a bacterial infection..

Antihistamines: Loratadin, Tsetrin, Suprastin, Tsetrilev.

Medicines are effective for allergies, which often cause the development of polyps. They eliminate swelling and reduce the amount of discharge from the nose..

Vasoconstrictors: Knoxprey, Evkazolin, Galazolin.

The drugs of this group are used for a short period in order to reduce the swelling of the mucous membrane..

Corticosteroids: Nasonex, Etacid, Avamys, Mometasone.

These are hormonal agents that help reduce inflammation, eliminate an allergic reaction, stop swelling. The therapy can significantly reduce formations and restore nasal breathing..

Removal of polyps If conservative treatment does not give a positive effect, the child has a stuffy nose and snores heavily in his sleep, then the growths are removed surgically. Also indications for surgery are frequent colds, otitis or facial changes..

Classic adenotomy Most often, the formations are removed with a Beckmann knife (which looks like a loop). The operation is performed under local anesthesia. The duration of the procedure is 10-20 minutes. Restless children under 5 years of age can have polyps removed under general anesthesia.

If medical treatment is ineffective, an adenotomy is performed. First, the doctor rinses the nasopharynx and administers anesthesia with a spray. At the next stage, the nostrils are closed with gauze swabs.. A knife is inserted into the oral cavity, brought to the edge of the opener and lifted up. Then you need to turn it back and cut off the polyp with one sharp movement..

After this, the patient is asked to blow his nose and take a deep breath to make sure that the nasal cavity is clean.. During the procedure, bleeding may occur, it is not very intense and stops quickly.

Removal in this way is safe, but quite painful.. The disadvantage of the method is that when removing growths, damage to the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx is possible.. In some cases, it is not possible to completely remove the polyp, which leads to a recurrence of the disease..

After the operation, the child must remain in bed for 24 hours.. For two weeks after the removal of the polyps, the baby should avoid physical activity..

Endoscopic surgeryThis surgical intervention allows you to more accurately determine the location, size, number of polyps and makes it possible to remove all altered tissues and perform correction of the structures of the nose..

Endoscopic surgery allows you to accurately determine the location of polyps, their size and number. The procedure is performed under local or general anesthesia.. An endoscope with a small video camera at the end is inserted into the nasal cavity.. It transmits the image to the screen and allows the doctor to get a clear picture..

The shaver allows you to remove the formation as accurately as possible. It crushes formations and sucks them up, while maintaining a healthy mucous membrane.. After the operation, polyps do not reappear.

After adenotomy, it is necessary to stay in the hospital for 3-5 days. Rinsing the nose with saline is shown to eliminate the remnants of damaged tissues, in order to prevent the attachment of a secondary infection, antibiotics are prescribed..

Adenotomy with a laser You can remove formations using a laser. The procedure is also performed using an endoscope.. Only in this case, the tissues that make up the polyp are evaporated with a laser..

During this procedure, the vessels are sealed, which makes it possible to avoid bleeding and the addition of a secondary infection..

Treatment by folk methods The following folk remedies are used to treat polyps in children:.

recipe number 1: a teaspoon of horsetail is brewed with 200 ml of boiling water and infused for 40 minutes. The agent is filtered and the nose is washed in the morning and evening.. Also, the infusion can be placed in a container with a sprayer (from pharmacy aerosols) and irrigate the nasal cavity 3-4 times a day. Treatment of the disease lasts 2-3 weeks;

recipe number 2: dissolve 50 g of natural butter in a water bath and add one teaspoon of St. John's wort ground into powder. After the product has cooled down, it is applied to the nasal mucosa in the morning and evening.. The duration of treatment is 10-14 days;

recipe number 3:

dissolve one teaspoon of sea salt in 200 ml of boiling water, after the product has cooled to a comfortable temperature, it is filtered and used to wash the nasal cavity;

recipe number 4: 3 g of herb succession pour 200 ml of water and boil for 10 minutes over low heat. After cooling, the broth is filtered and instilled 3 drops into the nose every 6 hours.. Treatment continued for 2 weeks.

If parents have begun to notice that a baby older than one year old breathes through his mouth, snores in his sleep, or often suffers from rhinitis, it is necessary to consult an otolaryngologist.

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