Diabetes mellitus is a serious and insidious disease that makes a person dependent on insulin and other drugs.. Diabetes mellitus often affects socially active people, drastically reduces the quality of life and shortens its duration, according to Pannochka, an online publication for girls and women aged 14 to 35.. net Meanwhile, a person largely determines the development of carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Diabetes sometimes becomes a price for an immoderate lifestyle, a frivolous attitude to health, adherence to bad habits and malnutrition.

In order to avoid the fate of a diabetic, you need to know the most significant factors leading to the development of the disease..

If there are diabetics in the family Heredity is a risk factor for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Scientists have now identified the genes responsible for the manifestation of this disease.. It is possible to undergo genetic diagnostics and identify the presence or absence of these genes in a person who has already been born.

The situation is somewhat more complicated with the calculation of hereditary risk at the stage of family planning.. This issue is acute in families where parents have diabetes..

It is known that type 1 diabetes is inherited much less frequently than type 2 diabetes.. So, if a mother has insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes, the risk of the disease in her children increases by 3% compared with the general population.. If the father is sick, the risk increases to 10%. If both parents are sick, the chance of passing diabetes to the child increases by up to 30%.. The search for other risk factors in type 1 diabetes has not yet led to a reasonable result..

In the case of type 2 diabetes, the statistics are as follows. If one parent is ill, the risk for the child is 15-30% (higher if the mother is ill). If diabetics are mother and father, the child will receive dangerous genes in 60-75% of cases. The presence of type 2 diabetes in close and distant relatives matters in risk calculation.

However, it should be borne in mind that even diabetes inherited from parents will never manifest itself clinically if a person is able to avoid other risk factors.. Therefore, a high hereditary risk is not a sentence, but a guide to action, a reason to take your lifestyle and health more seriously..

Obesity Being overweight is now considered a leading risk factor for type 2 diabetes.. With the accumulation of adipose tissue in the body, the sensitivity of tissues to insulin decreases..

This occurs under the action of cytokines secreted by fat cells (including leptin). Adipose tissue cytokines prevent the insulin molecule from binding to the receptor and slow down the transport of glucose within the cell.. In addition, with obesity, an excess amount of free fatty acids accumulate in the blood, which stimulate the formation of glucose in the liver (gluconeogenesis).

Thus, a constantly excess level of glucose is maintained in the blood - hyperglycemia, which is the initial link in the development of diabetes.. It has been proven that the higher the degree of obesity, the more intense these processes are and the faster type 2 diabetes develops.. The highest risk of developing diabetes in people with abdominal obesity and a lot of visceral fat (fat located in the abdominal cavity).

Clinical signs of abdominal obesity is a waist circumference of more than 100 cm in men and women. In addition, the ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference, measured in cm, is used.. An indicator \u003e1 in a man and \u003e0.85 in a woman indicates the development of abdominal obesity.

To normalize body weight, it is necessary to adhere to a balanced diet and an active lifestyle.. With severe obesity (BMI\u003e 30), special methods are used to reduce weight under the supervision of a doctor: therapeutic diets with reduced calorie content, therapeutic fasting, fasting days, therapeutic exercises, drug methods of weight loss, surgical correction.

High blood pressure is a risk for diabetes Hypertension is the third risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Among people suffering from high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus occurs 2-2.5 times more often than in the general population.. The most likely cause of diabetes is arterial hypertension in combination with other risk factors.. Therefore, people at risk for diabetes need to carefully control their blood pressure.. In the treatment of hypertension in people with a predisposition to diabetes, special drugs are used that do not affect the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates or even have a preventive effect in terms of the development of type 2 diabetes (ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II blockers, alpha-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and others).

High blood pressure in a person who already has diabetes is one of the most dangerous factors for the development of complications.. So the risk of coronary heart disease increases by 3-5 times, the probability of cerebrovascular accident (stroke) by 3-4 times, the risk of loss of vision - by 10-20 times, kidney failure by 20-25 times, irreversible damage to the lower extremities by 20 times. Target blood pressure for diabetics is approximately 135/85 mmHg. st.

Diabetes detected during pregnancy may return During pregnancy, as a result of a deep restructuring of many body functions, women often have elevated blood glucose levels. Most often, gestational diabetes (diabetes in pregnancy) is detected at a period of 24-28 weeks, which requires the appointment of insulin throughout pregnancy.

In most cases (according to statistics, in 90-95% of women), after childbirth, carbohydrate metabolism returns to normal and the signs of diabetes disappear.. However, women who have had diabetes during pregnancy are at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.. Therefore, 2.5-3 months after birth, all women who were prescribed insulin during pregnancy should be examined by an endocrinologist.

Violation of fat metabolism The metabolism of fats and carbohydrates is strongly linked in the body. Violations of one type of metabolism will inevitably affect the other.. Thus, the detection in a biochemical blood test of an elevated level of triglycerides and a decrease in HDL, especially in combination with the above factors, significantly increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes..

To maintain normal fat metabolism, it is recommended to consume more vegetable fats, reduce the number of meat days to 1-2 per week, be sure to include seafood and river fish in the diet. The ratio of plant and animal food on the plate should be 3:1. With age, the proportion of vegetarian products in the daily diet should increase..

Other risk factors for diabetes The risk of carbohydrate metabolism disorders and diabetes is increased in smokers and heavy drinkers. These bad habits potentiate the diabetogenic effect of the above risk factors.. In addition, they have a direct damaging effect on blood vessels and the pancreas, where insulin is produced..

Sedentary lifestyle is also an integral part of the path to diabetes.. According to researchers, 25% of people with ideal weight and normal carbohydrate metabolism are at risk of becoming diabetic by leading a sedentary lifestyle.. According to international studies, just 30 minutes of brisk walking a day reduces the likelihood of its development..

Polycystic ovary syndrome in women increases the risk of developing diabetes.

Therefore, with this pathology, it is necessary to control the level of sugar in the blood every 6-12 months..

It is important to remember that almost all risk factors, except for heredity, are manageable (modifiable). This means that careful attention to one's own health, adherence to traditional recommendations for a healthy lifestyle and nutrition, in most cases, can prevent the development of this dangerous and serious disease..

Natalia DOLGOPOLOVA, therapist nedug. en.