Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) - the regulator of the thyroid gland. If a laboratory analysis showed that thyroid-stimulating hormone is elevated, what does this mean This means that the activity of the thyroid gland, pituitary gland or hypothalamus is impaired, the cause needs to be clarified and mandatory treatment is required.. The need for correction is due to the important role of the hormone in the body and serious shifts in metabolic processes in its absence..
Complaints with elevated TSH include apathy, fatigue, a tendency to depression. Its area of \u200b\u200bapplication is the thyroid gland..
The interaction of thyrotropin with receptors located on its surface triggers the formation of two thyroid hormones: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
Features of the synthesisThe synthesis of thyrotropin is carried out constantly, but its concentration in the blood varies throughout the day.. The peak of production occurs at night, the minimum values \u200b\u200bare noted in the evening. In the absence of a full night's sleep, the normal rhythm of secretion is disturbed, which can lead to a deterioration in well-being. There is a decrease in the level of thyrotropin in the blood during pregnancy. With age, its content increases slightly, but the emission decreases at night..
What values \u200b\u200bare considered elevated? To answer this question, you need to know the norm.
Normal indicators The norms of TSH content in blood serum may differ slightly depending on the laboratory and the method of determination..
Age range.
Reference values.
Units.
newborns.
1.1–17.0.
honey/l.
Children up to 2.5 months.
0.6–10.0.
honey/l.
Children from 2.5 to 14 months.
0.4–7.0.
honey/l.
Children from 14 months to 5 years.
0.4–6.0.
honey/l.
Children from 5 to 14 years old.
0.4–5.0.
honey/l.
adults.
0.4–4.0.
honey/l.
The given indicators are generally accepted and are used in practical work by doctors of various specialties..
Causes of an increase in TTGU The level of thyrotropin goes beyond the upper limit when the processes of its regulation and synthesis are disturbed.
Stimulates TSH synthesis.
Inhibit TSH synthesis.
Thyroliberin is a hormone of the hypothalamus..
Somatostatin - a hormone of the hypothalamus and special cells of the pancreas.
Low serum T3 and T4 concentrations.
Excess content of T3 and T4 in blood serum.
Estrogens are female sex hormones.
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter.
Low temperatures.
Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex..
The pituitary gland produces TSH, which triggers the formation of T3 and T4 in the thyroid gland.. If there are few of these hormones in the blood, which happens with pathologies of the gland, then the pituitary gland begins to produce more thyrotropin, stimulating the thyroid gland.. With an excess of T3 and T4 in the blood, the pituitary gland, on the contrary, reduces the synthesis of thyrotropin, making the gland less active.. The scheme works if the pituitary gland is in a normal state and is able to respond to changes in the concentration of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in the blood.
Pathology of the pituitary gland TSH is elevated if there is:.
hormonally active pituitary tumor - thyrotropinoma;
pituitary form of resistance (resistance) to thyroid hormones;
generalized form of resistance to thyroid hormones.
In the first case, excessive synthesis of TSH is carried out by a large number of tumor cells.. Unregulated secretion in resistance syndrome is a consequence of the resistance of the pituitary gland or peripheral tissues to T3 and T4. These causes are much less common than thyroid dysfunction..
Thyroid disorders High TSH levels are most often caused by thyroid problems resulting from:.
radioactive iodine treatment;
radiotherapy;
elemental iodine poisoning;
lack of iodine in the body;
resection or radical surgical removal of the thyroid gland;
inflammatory process in the thyroid gland (autoimmune, postpartum, fibro-invasive, specific);
taking drugs that have thyreostatic, that is, suppressing the synthesis of hormones, effect.
Thyroid disorders that can increase TSH are more common in women. Synthesis disorders associated with the pathology of the pituitary and hypothalamus are recorded with the same frequency in men and women.. The changes that occur in the body as a result of the action of a large amount of thyrotropin are the same.. An idea about them can be obtained by knowing the effect of TSH on target organs..
What is violated with increased TSHTTH, controlling the synthesis of thyroid hormones, through them regulates the processes of growth and development of the human body. An increase in the level of thyrotropin automatically leads to their violation..
The influence of thyroxine and triiodothyronine extends to all tissues. Receptors for them are everywhere, except for the testes and spleen. Providing growth and differentiation of tissues, increasing their need for oxygen, T3 and T4 are involved in all types of metabolism.
Scope of application.
Impact.
BX.
Intensification of basal metabolism and an increase in body temperature.
water exchange.
Decreased water content in tissues, decreased reabsorption of fluid in the kidneys.
carbohydrate metabolism.
An increase in blood sugar levels, an increase in glucose consumption by tissues, inhibition of the formation of glycogen in skeletal muscles and the liver.
Protein metabolism.
In a small concentration - an increase in synthesis and a slowdown in protein breakdown, in a large concentration - a decrease in synthesis and an increase in protein breakdown.
lipid metabolism.
Strengthening the splitting, inhibition of the formation and deposition of fats.
central nervous system.
Stimulation of motor excitability, defensive reactions, mental activity, acceleration of mental associations.
The cardiovascular system.
An increase in blood pressure, an increase in the frequency and strength of heart contractions.
blood coagulation system.
Reducing the formation of coagulation factors, stimulation of the synthesis of anticoagulants.
Hematopoietic system.
Increased production of red blood cells in the bone marrow.
When the thyroid gland is damaged, the production of T3 and T4 decreases, the pituitary gland responds with an increase in TSH, but there is no response to stimulation - the gland is defective. All of the listed types of exchange suffer in this case.. This condition is called hypothyroidism..
Symptoms with high TSH The severity of clinical manifestations is determined by the degree of increase in thyrotropin. If the TSH is 4.4 mU / l, there may not be any complaints. If the concentration of TSH is 5.5 mU / l, symptoms of hypothyroidism appear:.
psycho-emotional disorders (apathy, lethargy, tendency to depression);
indigestion (loss of appetite, nausea, constipation);
cardiovascular manifestations (weak and rare pulse, low blood pressure);
changes in the hair and skin (dry skin, brittleness, dullness of nails and hair);
damage to the nervous system (decreased attention, memorization, drowsiness, lethargy);
metabolic changes (swelling, weight gain, yellowness of the skin).
All these complaints are the result of low levels of T3 and T4 in thyroid diseases..
If thyrotropin is elevated due to a pituitary adenoma or resistance to thyroid-stimulating hormones, then the levels of T3 and T4 will, on the contrary, increase, because a healthy thyroid gland responds to stimulation with an increase in their synthesis. There will be signs of hyperthyroidism, opposite to the above:.
tachycardia;
rise in systolic blood pressure;
increased appetite;
weight loss;
irritability; and t.
In any case, if the state of health suffers, then this means that measures should be taken..
Correction of hormonal imbalance When TSH is elevated, treatment should be etiological. With pituitary adenoma, tactics depend on the size and hormonal activity of the neoplasm. Operative removal and radiosurgical treatment are used.
Problems with elevated TSH may occur due to brain damage. In thyroid pathology, the choice of treatment is determined by the degree of its dysfunction.. Severe hypothyroidism requires replacement therapy to compensate for hormone deficiency. For this purpose, synthetic thyroid drugs are prescribed: Euthyrox, L-Thyroxine, Bagothyrox, L-Thyroxine-Acri, etc..
Their reception effectively and quickly reduces the level of thyrotropin, but can last more than one year, sometimes they are taken for life.
The doctor should determine the treatment tactics. Why can't you do it yourself? Because an increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone is possible with completely different pathological conditions that require different approaches to treatment.. And do not try to do without drugs. Folk remedies and special nutrition hormones cannot be replaced.
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