Estrogens are an important group of female sex hormones that are responsible for reproductive function, feminization, and regulate the menstrual cycle.. Symptoms of a lack of female estrogen hormones are extremely diverse.. This is due to the fact that receptors for them are found in many organs, therefore, when they are deficient, the entire body suffers..

Estrogen deficiency leads to serious disorders in the bodySymptoms of a lack of female hormonesFemale hormone deficiency has many clinical manifestations. The main effect of estrogens is on the internal genital organs, therefore, when they are deficient, the menstrual cycle is disturbed, a woman cannot become pregnant.. The work of other internal organs also suffers - the heart, blood vessels, bones, organs of the urogenital tract. Appearance changes - figure, skin, hair.

Reproductive dysfunctionThe main group of symptoms associated with reproductive dysfunction.

Estradiol is responsible for the proliferation and rejection of the upper layer of the endometrium, therefore, with a hormone deficiency, the menstrual cycle is disturbed. Menstruation becomes irregular, painful, the cycle lengthens. With a significant deficiency of menstruation, they completely disappear.

Another important function of estradiol is egg maturation.. Without this, it becomes impossible to conceive a child.. Therefore, when planning a pregnancy, it is important to determine the level of estradiol.

Change in appearanceEstrogen is a beauty hormone. Its deficiency significantly affects the appearance of a woman.. This is manifested by the following symptoms:.

The figure is changing - feminine outlines are lost. Reduced volume of the chest and buttocks, increases the waist. Adipose tissue is deposited mainly in the abdomen. There is also a tendency to gain weight..

The skin becomes less elastic, wrinkles appear. The oiliness of the skin may increase, against the background of this, skin rashes appear..

Hair loses shine, becomes dull, split, fall out.

Other signsFemale hormone deficiency affects all organs that have estrogen receptors. The greatest number of them is determined in the uterus, mammary glands, vagina, blood vessels, brain, bone tissue..

Group of symptoms.

Description.

Urogenital disorders.

The urogenital tract is very sensitive to female hormones.. With estrogen deficiency, dryness in the vagina, itching, discomfort, pain during intercourse, contact bleeding are observed..

The ligamentous apparatus of the pelvic organs suffers. Urinary incontinence may develop, in severe cases, organ prolapse.

Vasomotor phenomena.

Vasomotor phenomena are among the early symptoms of estrogen deficiency.. Characterized by hot flashes, increased sweating, redness of the face, fluctuations in blood pressure.

Psycho-emotional phenomena.

The lack of estradiol also affects the brain. Clinically, this manifests itself in the form of psycho-emotional phenomena: emotional lability - causeless mood swings, memory loss, attention, tearfulness, depressive episodes.

Cardiovascular disorder.

Estradiol has a cardioprotective effect. With its deficiency, the strength of heart contractions decreases, tachycardia develops, and frequent headache appears..

In the late period, symptoms of atherosclerosis may develop, since estrogens prevent the deposition of lipids in the vascular wall..

Osteoporosis and frequent fractures.

Estradiol prevents bone resorption, therefore, with its deficiency, calcium absorption worsens, bone fragility increases.

Clinically, a decrease in bone density is manifested by frequent fractures..

Lack of female hormones: the main causesEstrogen deficiency can occur at any age, but women over 50 are more susceptible to it. At this age, a natural period of extinction of the reproductive function begins - menopause.. Less commonly, hormonal disorders occur in young women.. The cause can be a variety of conditions, ranging from surgical removal of the uterus with appendages, ending with malnutrition and sudden weight loss..

During menopauseEstrogen deficiency during menopause is a consequence of the physiological extinction of ovarian function. The supply of functioning follicles is depleted, sensitivity to the pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone decreases, therefore, estrogen production decreases.

The name " If during the period of reproductive activity the main one is estradiol, then during menopause it is estrone. The source of synthesis is adipose tissue, which continues to produce estrone in a small amount even after the extinction of ovarian function..

In reproductive age In reproductive age, the most common cause of estrogen deficiency is extirpation of the uterus with appendages. The operation can be performed for fibroids, other tumors, significant bleeding during childbirth.

There are a wide variety of other causes that can also lead to hormone deficiency:.

Thyroid diseases.

Lack of animal fats in the diet.

Sudden weight loss.

Genetic anomalies.

Pituitary damage - lack of follicle-stimulating hormone, excess prolactin.

Ovarian diseases - cysts, autoimmune disease, wasted ovary syndrome, resistant ovary syndrome.

How to identify a lack of hormones You can confirm the lack or excess of estrogens using a blood test. The level of estradiol is being investigated. Its amount in the blood varies depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle.. Normal indicators of estradiol are as follows:.

in the follicular phase.

68–1269 pmol/l.

In the ovulatory phase.

131–1655 pmol/l.

In the luteal phase.

91–861 pmol/l.

Postmenopausal.

up to 73 pmol/l.

If treatment with hormonal drugs is planned, an additional examination should be carried out.. The following studies are assigned:.

coagulogram;

biochemical blood test - ALT, AST, bilirubin, prothrombin index, protein fractions;

Ultrasound of the pelvic organs;

breast ultrasound, mammography.

The level of estrogen is determined using a blood test. Hormone replacement therapy is used to treat. Hormonal therapy is systemic and local. For systemic therapy, oral tablets are used; for local therapy, ointments, gels, vaginal suppositories, transdermal patches are used..

The range of drugsThere are many drugs intended for hormone therapy with hypoestrogenism. A wide range makes it difficult to choose, but there are clear indications for the use of a particular group of drugs. The choice depends on several factors - the cause of the hormone deficiency, the age of the woman, the presence of concomitant diseases.

Group of drugs Indications.

Representatives.

Preparations containing only estrogen.

Indicated exclusively for the treatment of women who have undergone removal of the uterus with appendages. In other cases, estrogen monotherapy is not used..

Estrofem, Premarin, Proginova, Klimara, Ovestin.

Combined drugs (estrogens and gestagens) For cyclic therapy.

At a young age before menopause, women are prescribed drugs that mimic the normal menstrual cycle..

They are of three varieties:.

two-, three-phase, with the additional addition of an antiandrogenic component.

Femoston, Klimonorm, Divina, Divitren, Cyclo-Proginova, Trisequens, Klimen.

For continuous therapy.

In the postmenopausal period, when more than a year has passed since the last menstruation, drugs are prescribed for continuous therapy. There are no menstrual bleeding when taking them.

Cliogest, Premella.

Contraindications Hormone replacement therapy is not indicated in all cases of hormone deficiency. There are certain contraindications:.

tumors of the uterus and mammary glands;

mastopathy;

endometriosis;

increased blood clotting;

severe cardiovascular disease;

liver disease.

In these cases, local drugs that are not absorbed into the general circulation can be used.. They allow you to get rid of urogenital disorders, but do not protect other organs.. Phytoestrogens and dietary modification may also be used..

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