Allergic manifestations are increasing in the world, in particular anaphylactic shock. Every year the number of allergic manifestations is growing - reactions to certain drugs, foods, insect bites, etc.. The most dangerous allergic reaction that threatens life is anaphylactic shock..

This condition is a medical emergency. The term "

When such a substance (antigen) is combined with antibodies (cells-"

As a result of such changes in the body, a kind of “accumulation” of blood occurs on the periphery of the body, blood pressure drops sharply, and, consequently, the internal organs, tissues of the body and the brain do not receive the required amount of oxygen, which leads to loss of consciousness..

Some statistics.

According to statistics, in different countries the prevalence of such an allergic reaction as anaphylactic shock varies significantly.. For example, in the Russian Federation, the prevalence of anaphylactic shock is on average 1 case per 70 thousand. population per year. And the main reasons for the development of anaphylactic shock are medications, hymenoptera insect bites (bees, wasps, etc.)..

In Kazakhstan, as in most of the post-Soviet space, the prevalence and causes of shock are about the same as in Russia. But in non-CIS countries, the situation is somewhat different: in Canada, only 4 cases of anaphylactic shock were recorded per 10 million people, in Germany - 79 cases per 100 thousand.. , and in the USA in 2013. anaphylactic shock was the cause of 1500 deaths.

Main? factors for the development of anaphylactic shock.

The trigger mechanism in the development of anaphylactic shock is the contact of the patient with an allergic substance.. In the role of allergens, substances of a protein or polysaccharide nature most often act, as well as low molecular weight compounds (haptens), which acquire allergenic properties after binding to the “host” protein. Allergens enter the human body in several ways: oral (through food), parenteral (by injection), transdermal (insect bites) or inhalation (through the respiratory tract).

Among the many causal factors in the development of anaphylactic shock, the following are most common:.

• medicines:.

antibacterial drugs, vaccines, hormonal drugs, vitamins (especially vitamin B1, anesthetics (painkillers), radiopaque substances, etc.;

• insect bites (wasps, bees, hornets);

• food products: certain types of fish, crustaceans, eggs, cow's milk, peanuts, legumes, biological food additives;

• physical factors, especially general hypothermia;

• contact with latex products: gloves, rubber stoppers, catheters, etc..

How does anaphylactic shock manifest

The clinical picture of anaphylactic shock is characterized by rapid and rapid development of symptoms.. The first signs appear literally a few seconds or minutes after a person has come into contact with an allergic substance (allergen). First of all, there is a depression of consciousness, a sharp drop in blood pressure, convulsions appear, there may be involuntary urination.

For most people, anaphylactic shock begins with a feeling of warmth, redness (hyperemia) of the skin, chest pain, headache, and fear of death.. As blood pressure drops, the pulse becomes thready.

In addition to the classic picture of anaphylactic shock described above, there are options with a primary lesion of certain organs:.

With damage to the skin, manifested by increasing skin itching, redness (hyperemia) of the skin, the appearance of urticaria and Quincke's edema (swelling of the muscles of the nasopharynx).

With damage to the nervous system. cerebral variant). Characterized by the appearance of a severe headache, increased tactile sensitivity, nausea and vomiting, convulsions, involuntary urination and defecation, loss of consciousness.

With damage to the respiratory system (t. asthma variant). In this case, suffocation dominates due to edema of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract and spasm of the smooth muscles of the upper respiratory tract..

with cardiac impairment (t. cardiogenic variant). With this type of shock, the development of acute myocarditis (inflammation of the muscular membrane of the heart) or myocardial infarction is observed..

First aid for anaphylactic shock.

What can the patient or the people around him do.

If there is the slightest suspicion of the development of anaphylactic shock, you should immediately call an ambulance. Before the arrival of the doctor, efforts should be made to stop the further intake of the allergic substance into the body.. If the cause of anaphylactic shock was an insect bite (bee, wasp, etc.). ), without wasting time, apply a tourniquet above the bite site, thereby blocking the entry of an allergic substance into the general bloodstream.

The victim must be given a horizontal position, lay him on his back. In order to prevent the development of asphyxia (suffocation) due to retraction of the tongue or aspiration of vomit, the patient's head should be tilted to the side. It is necessary to remove from the patient any things and clothes that squeeze the neck, stomach and chest to ensure the flow of oxygen.

What can a doctor do.

When a patient is hospitalized with signs of anaphylactic shock, the tactics of providing initial assistance should also be aimed at limiting the entry of an allergic substance into the bloodstream.. To do this, above the site of the bite or the introduction of the drug, the doctor must apply a tourniquet and make a series of injections with a special medicinal solution around the site of the allergen entering the body..

The patient is provided with an oxygen bag to maximize the supply of oxygen.. In parallel with these manipulations, antiallergic drugs are administered.. The next step in the treatment of anaphylactic shock is the normalization of cardiovascular and respiratory activity.. It is also necessary to reduce the permeability of the vascular wall and prevent the development of late complications caused by anaphylactic shock..

Preventive actions.

To reduce the risk of developing anaphylactic shock, it is necessary to carefully monitor all manifestations of allergies to various substances (drugs, foods, etc.).. ) in order to avoid re-penetration of this allergen into the body in the future..

People who have previously had anaphylactic shock should always carry a card with them indicating the substance to which they were allergic.. In no case do not neglect these rules, as they can save your life! Remember that anaphylactic shock is a real threat to life..

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