In a recent study published in the latest issue of the journal Diabetologia, researchers examined the incidence of diabetes among cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).. The information was shared by the News-Medical portal.

There is scientific evidence for impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion after severe infection with acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This is most likely because SARS-CoV-2 damages? - pancreatic cells, inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Pro-inflammatory pathways cause substandard inflammation in adipose tissue, which plays a key role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.. Subsequently, patients who recovered from COVID-19 developed new hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. However, it is not yet known whether these metabolic changes are short-lived or may increase the risk of persisting diabetes in those recovering from COVID-19, the researchers report..

In the current retrospective cohort study, researchers examined 8.8 million patients from the Disease Analyzer (DA), a healthcare database that records a group of 1,171 physicians in Germany.. The control group consisted of patients with acute infections of the upper respiratory tract (ARI). The average age of participants in the control group was 43 years, of which 46% were women.

During the study, the research team used the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 code to identify diseases. Accordingly, ICD-10 U07 codes. 1 and J00–J06 denoted cases of newly diagnosed COVID-19 and AURI, respectively. The two study cohorts included people with newly diagnosed COVID-19 or AURI with index dates of first diagnosis between March 1, 2020 and January 31, 2021. However, all cases of type 2 diabetes and other forms of diabetes or unspecified diabetes diagnosed after index dates were classified according to ICD-10 codes E11 and E12–E14.. Follow-up continued until July 2021 with a median of 119 days for COVID-19 patients and 161 days for AURI patients..

Overall, the study population consisted of a healthier cohort with milder COVID-19 requiring fewer hospitalizations (~10%) and no history of diabetes. Women made up 52% \u200b\u200bof the 2.4 million people with COVID-19 in Germany during the study period from January 2020 to February 2021. There were 35,865 people infected with COVID-19 during the study period and the same number of people AURI after propensity score matching. Clinical and demographic characteristics of the 35,865 people in the AURI control group were similar to those in the COVID-19 group.

For drugs given to people in both groups, non-steroidal antirheumatic drugs were often prescribed at index times.. However, later, while patients with COVID-19 were more likely to be prescribed povidone-iodine due to its antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2, AURI patients were prescribed antibiotics.. In addition, more than 50% of people in both the COVID-19 and AURI groups were not receiving any antidiabetic drugs when diagnosed with diabetes..

The Kaplan-Meier curves for the COVID-19 group showed a significant increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes that continued throughout the study period.; however, no such differences were observed for Kaplan-Meier curves for unspecified diabetes or other forms.. The authors noted an increased RRI in type 2 diabetes mellitus, but not in other forms of diabetes mellitus and diabetes mellitus unspecified..

Study results reveal a temporal association between mild COVID-19 and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, highlighting active monitoring of glucose dysregulation after recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection.

These results are consistent with the 29 cases per 1,000 person-years of new onset diabetes in 47,780 patients with COVID-19 reported in a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the UK..

In conclusion, the authors strongly recommended mandatory screening of COVID-19 recoveries for early diagnosis of new diabetes.. In the future, research examining the impact of COVID-19 on glucose and HbA1c levels may help develop comprehensive treatment strategies for high-risk patients..

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