Papillomas are benign neoplasms of an infectious nature that occur on various parts of the skin and mucous membranes.. It is difficult to determine specifically why papillomas appear, since both endogenous and exogenous causes lie in the pathogenesis of this disease.. The direct cause of the disease is the human papillomavirus (HPV, papillomavirus), as reported by the online edition for girls and women from 14 to 35 years old Pannochka. net The main cause of the appearance of papillomas is an infection caused by papillomavirus Causes All causes of papillomas in various parts of the body and mucous membranes can be divided into three main groups:.

etiological;

predisposing;

related.

As a rule, the occurrence of clinical manifestations will require the action of several factors at the same time..

Papillomavirus The etiological cause of infection is the human papillomavirus..

Its characteristics:.

Belongs to the Papillomaviridae group.

The DNA of a viral particle has three main zones: early (E), late (L) and upstreamregulatoryregion (URR) and each of them has its own clear function (for example, protein synthesis). After entering the cell, the envelope of the virus is destroyed and only this double-stranded DNA remains..

It has a protein shell and is able to integrate into the host's DNA (this explains the impossibility of complete elimination of the pathogenic agent from the body). In the absence of predisposing factors, this pathological DNA is in a dormant mode, which is equivalent to a carrier state or a latent form of the disease (which is why screening studies of all population groups are required). In the case of activation of the viral complex and the start of the processes of transcription and replication, the disease passes into a subclinical or clinical form with typical external signs..

During the replication of viral DNA, protein compounds are also formed that have a pronounced carcinogenic effect (the risk of malignancy for different forms is different, the greatest oncogenic danger is cervical papillomas).

The virus has a clear affinity for the horny epithelium (hence the ability to infect any area of \u200b\u200bthe skin that was in direct contact with a pathogenic agent), as well as tropism for mucous membranes (explains the ability to infect the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, cervix). Depending on this, there is a division into three large genera: alpha (affect the mucous membranes of the anogenital region), beta and gamma - have an affinity for the keratinizing epithelium.

It multiplies in the basal layer of the epithelium (the focus grows from the inside out), however, it is also determined in the remaining layers of the skin (a kind of pool of viral particles, from where self-infection or infection of another person can occur). It is detected in the blood in small amounts using the PCR reaction..

Relatively stable in the external environment, does not react to some disinfectants, heat-stable.

It has a weak immunostimulating effect (weak cellular and humoral response to the introduction of the pathogen) and therefore belongs to opportunistic agents. Immunity is formed only to a specific strain and does not protect against the possibility of infection with a number of others.

The main ways of infection are contact-household, sexual, vertical. This explains the presence of a viral agent in about 80-90% of the world's population..

It is extremely difficult to establish the exact moment of infection and the duration of the disease, and for this reason, treatment is prescribed with a rather large delay..

The infection has no specific etiological treatment (sometimes antiherpetic drugs are used due to the similarity in the structure of the two viruses).

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