Everyone knows what acne is, and there is no person who would not experience the unpleasant sensation that the skin does not look the way we would like. What we used to call acne is a violation of the sebaceous glands.. The scientific name for acne is acne.. Most often they appear on the face, chest, back. However, no part of the body is immune from their appearance.. The appearance of acne, of course, is not a global catastrophe, but often they appear at the wrong time and bring a lot of unpleasant moments into our lives, such as itching, soreness and spoiled mood.

Acne (acne, acne, acne) is an inflammatory process that occurs in the hair follicle and sebaceous gland. It is the most common skin disease. This problem is especially relevant for adolescents and young people, since during the period of growing up the risk of acne increases significantly, according to Pannochka, an online publication for girls and women from 14 to 35 years old.. net Classification of acne Acne, depending on the cause, type, form and mechanism of development, varies greatly. Currently, there is no single classification of acne, but a certain division still exists..

• By the presence of inflammation.

Comedones (non-inflammatory) - are formed if the ducts of the sebaceous glands or the mouth of the hair follicles are clogged with sebaceous plugs. When sebum accumulates in the upper part of the pore duct, open comedones form.. At first, the sebaceous plug looks like a white plug in the pore. Then the contents of the cork gradually oxidize and form a characteristic black head.. If the blockage occurs in the deep layers of the skin, the ducts of the sebaceous glands expand from excess sebum and wen are formed - closed comedones (internal acne). If an infection enters the comedone, inflammation develops.. In this case, red nodules may form on the surface of the skin - papules or pustules - pustules located in the thickness of the skin, forming a whitish head on the surface.

•By form and pathogenesis.

The most common form of acne with severe inflammation is acne conglobata.. Conglobate acne is characterized by the appearance on the back, chest and face of large nodes located deep in the skin, sometimes capturing the upper sections of the subcutaneous fat.. Nodes can be up to 1.5–2 cm in diameter. Such nodes are very painful, they always combine into conglomerates, forming abscesses, after opening of which there are long-term non-healing wound ulcers and after rough scars with lintels and fistulous passages..

Sometimes deeply located inflamed nodes merge and form skin sinus tracts, as if “undermining” the skin of the face and torso - sinus acne.

One of the rare variants of inflammatory forms are fulminant acne.. Mostly young men are affected. With this type of disease, multiple painful ulcerative inflammatory nodes, pustules appear, located on reddened skin.. The process is accompanied by fever, joint pain. Healing of ulceration occurs with the formation of rough scars.

Rarely enough, pyoderma of the face is an inflammatory and severe form of acne.. Facial pyoderma is more likely to affect young women who have experienced emotional stress or have previously received androgens for endocrine diseases.. Pyoderma is characterized by sudden onset and rapid progression.. In all patients, the process is formed in the central part of the face, in the forehead, temples, chin. There is a pronounced swelling of the face with a bluish tinge of the skin, and after 1-2 days - painful boil-like nodular rashes, large (more than 5 mm) abscesses. There is a lack of comedones and a sharp severity of the boundaries of inflammation.

• By severity.

Grade 1: Predominantly closed comedones on the chin, forehead, and nasal wings, but no inflammatory lesions (pustules).

Second degree: mostly open and closed comedones and nodules, with few pustules.

Grade 3: Nodules and pustules present on the forehead, nose, chin, and cheeks, with open comedones, hyperkeratosis (excess cornification) all over the skin.

Fourth degree - acne caused by hormonal causes. This type of hormonal acne, which occurs in adult women, mainly appears in the lower part of the face, especially along the chin, along the jawline and neck..

Fifth degree - a few comedones, a few nodules, many pustules, cysts and ulcers. A very severe but not very common form of acne known as follicular dermatitis..

•Additional classification:.

Teenage acne - occurs in one in three teenagers between the ages of 12 and 16. In 75% of cases, they are located on the face. As a rule, by the age of majority, the rash disappears..

Acne in adults. In about 5% of men and women, the problem persists into adulthood or first appears at age 40 or older. In women, the cause of the malfunction of the sebaceous glands is often polycystic ovaries.. Often the problem is associated with taking steroid hormones..

Acne of childhood. The appearance of acne in newborns occurs as a result of a hormonal crisis caused by maternal hormones obtained by the fetus during the prenatal period..

Acne caused by exogenous causes. The cause may be long-term inhalation, ingestion or exposure to the skin of chemicals that clog pores (lubricating oils, cosmetic creams, detergents, etc.)..

Acne caused by mechanical factors. This form develops under mechanical influence, for example, when wearing a tight headdress, plaster, the habit of constantly touching or rubbing the face, etc..

Causes of acne There are 4 main pathogenetic links of acne:.

•increased production of sebum,.

• the presence of Proprionibacterium acnes (anaerobic diphtheroid bacterium),.

• Violation of follicular keratinization, inflammation.

• a decrease in the level of linoleic acid, which plays an important role in the development of follicular retention hyperkeratosis and the formation of comedones.

Forming factors are divided into internal and external.

•Internal factors.

1) Hereditary predisposition, 2) Androgenic hormones.

3) Hormone imbalance in adolescence - the most common causes of acne on the face.

4) The action of female hormones can also affect the condition of the skin. Acne before menstruation often appears with an increase in the level of steroid hormones in the final phase of the menstrual cycle..

5) Hyperkeratosis or thickening of the stratum corneum also leads to acne. The main causes of hyperkeratosis: vitamin A hypovitaminosis, intoxication, skin maceration, contact with petroleum products.

6) Fall of local immunity and activation of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms 7) Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, endocrine glands, genital organs.

•External factors.

1) Cosmetics sometimes provoke an allergic reaction, which is then joined by acne.

2) Stress can also contribute to acne.

3) Heat and humid climate are external factors leading to such a problem. And if you add touches with dirty hands to the skin, purulent acne on your face is provided to you.

4) Taking certain drugs 5) provoke the disease, include:.

• coffee (especially sweet);

• sweets and starchy foods (chocolate, cakes, sweets, carbonated drinks);

• dairy products in large quantities (especially with high fat content), animal fats;

• nuts (especially when overeating).

Acne treatment A variety of techniques are used to treat various forms of acne, the choice of which depends on the individual patient.. Rational therapy is determined by pathogenic factors, which include increased production of sebum, reproduction of propionobacteria, supporting the inflammatory process.. When prescribing treatment, the duration of the process, its prevalence, severity, as well as the type of skin lesion and the formation of sebum are taken into account.. Of great importance is the assessment of the psycho-emotional sphere, social status, social adaptation of the patient. Dietary factors, different types of nutrition, diet do not matter for the development of acne and the selection of therapy.

Treatment includes both topical and systemic drugs that affect the formation of sebum, remove exfoliated epithelium, slow down reproduction or destroy microbes on the skin..

Local treatment is prescribed for a long time - usually at least three months. Currently, topical retinoids are widely used.. These drugs have a positive effect on the processes of keratinization, reduce the secretion of fat, accelerate the renewal of epithelial cells, and have an anti-inflammatory effect..

Topical antibiotics are prescribed for inflammatory acne in combination with topical retinoids.

General therapy is indicated in the treatment of moderate to severe acne, as well as in case of intolerance or ineffectiveness of topical treatments..

Oral contraceptives can also be used to treat acne. By blocking and reducing the production of androgens, contraceptives inhibit the secretion of the sebaceous glands..

Home remedies for acne tea tree oil. According to many cosmetologists, this is the most effective remedy for acne in the initial stage.. For treatment, simply apply undiluted oil to the pimple and leave on.

Make a decoction of perennial daisy (a tablespoon of dry herb per 200 ml of water), let it brew, freeze it in cubes in the freezer. Wipe your back regularly with these pieces of ice, and then rinse with clean water..

Aloe juice. It is an affordable and natural remedy that heals skin inflammation and brings tangible benefits in the fight against acne.. The following recipe will help get rid of rashes. Crush 20 streptocide tablets into powder and dilute with aloe juice until a thick mass is obtained.. Add three drops of iodine to the resulting mixture.. In the evening, lubricate each pimple with medicine and leave it on all night.. Wash your face in the morning with tar soap.

Another good remedy: grind a few aloe leaves and pour them with a glass of cold boiled water.. Soak for an hour and then boil for two minutes. Strain and, after cooling slightly, apply aloe gruel on the affected skin for 15 minutes.. Then wash with cool water.

Blue clay.

You can prevent the appearance of acne on the face, as well as remove existing ones, if you regularly (2 times a week) make acne masks from blue clay. To do this, mix one tablespoon of blue clay powder, lemon juice, calendula tincture and boiled water.. Apply the mask on your face for 10 minutes, then rinse with cool water.

Take 50 g of crushed burdock roots, pour a liter of cold water, boil for half an hour. Strain the broth and use for the bath.. Take a bath daily for two weeks.

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