Sinusitis, or maxillary sinusitis, is an inflammation of the paranasal sinus (or sinuses) of the nose, which occurs most often as a complication of acute rhinitis, flu, measles and other infectious diseases. According to the causative factor, the disease can have a traumatic, viral, bacterial, fungal or allergic etiology..

Intranasal administration of drugs provides high bioavailability with minimal risk of adverse reactions. To determine the cause of sinusitis, complaints and anamnesis are collected, palpation, rhinoscopy, plain radiography of the paranasal sinuses, examination of nasal functions. A general analysis of blood and urine is prescribed. In some cases, additional diagnostic methods are required: rhinocytogram, contrast radiography, sinus puncture. The tactics of therapy are determined by the data obtained..

With bacterial sinusitis, the basis of treatment is systemic and local antibiotic therapy.. At the same time, measures are prescribed to restore the patency of the anastomosis of the maxillary sinuses.. With mild and moderate sinusitis, when the symptoms are not pronounced, treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis, in severe cases - in a hospital.

Local antibiotic therapy Along with systemic antibiotic therapy (and in some cases as an alternative method of treatment), local antimicrobial drugs are used that act directly on the nasal mucosa.

The main contraindication for intranasal use of drugs is a violation of the mucociliary clearance of the paranasal sinuses (due to the adverse effects of large doses of antibiotic on the ciliated epithelium).

It is unacceptable to introduce antibiotic solutions into the paranasal sinuses, which are intended for parenteral use.. Due to the pharmacokinetic parameters, they cannot be used for these purposes..

There are special forms of antibiotics - in the form of sprays. In the case of catarrhal sinusitis, they can penetrate through the fistulas of the paranasal sinuses and directly contact in the focus of inflammation with the pathogen.

Advantages and disadvantages of intranasal drug administration Intranasal drug administration is a fairly widely used route of administration of a number of drugs.. The main advantages of this method are simplicity and ease of use, high bioavailability, as well as minimal risk of side effects..

At the same time, there are some disadvantages. These include:.

variability of physiological processes in the nasal cavity in different patients, which complicates the dosage regimen;

the presence of pronounced protective mechanisms of the nasopharyngeal mucosa;

a decrease in the therapeutic effect when filling the sinuses with mucous or mucopurulent exudate, incl..

with untreated rhinitis, due to insufficient contact of the active substance with the mucous membrane.

One of the best sprays for the treatment of sinusitis, according to reviews, is Sinuforte - a drug based on cyclamen root.

The main contraindication for intranasal use of drugs is a violation of the mucociliary clearance of the paranasal sinuses (due to the adverse effects of large doses of antibiotic on the ciliated epithelium).

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