One of the most common diseases of the ENT organs, which affects both children and adults, is rhinitis, or runny nose.. What it is?

With inflammation of the nasal mucosa, nasal breathing is impaired Rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa, which is characterized by difficulty breathing. It can be an independent disease of viral and bacterial etiology or a symptom of various infectious diseases, according to Pannochka, an Internet publication for girls and women from 14 to 35 years old.. net Reasons for the development of pathology The mucous membrane of the nose provides the main protection of the nasal cavity and upper respiratory tract. It is represented by a multi-row columnar ciliated epithelium and mucus covering it..

The nasal secretion performs the following functions:.

protects the nasal mucosa from drying out;

ensures the normal functioning of the ciliated epithelium;

moisturizes and heats the inhaled air;

prevents the sedimentation and reproduction of pathogenic microflora on the mucous membrane;

provides specific and nonspecific immune protection due to the produced lysozyme and secretory antibodies.

Sharp temperature fluctuations and vitamin deficiency in the spring-autumn periods contribute to rapid hypothermia, which reduces the overall resistance of the body to viruses and environmental bacteria.

Curvature of the nasal septum is one of the predisposing factors for the development of rhinitis. Predisposing factors that reduce the protective functions of the nasal mucosa include:.

general decrease in immunity;

hypothermia;

adverse changes in the gas composition of the inhaled air;

irritation of the mucous membrane with various chemicals;

nasal injuries, curvature of the nasal septum;

the presence of polyps, adenoids in the nose;

turbinate hypertrophy;

burdened allergic history;

recurrent sinusitis;

concomitant chronic diseases: diabetes mellitus, bronchial asthma, hypothyroidism, etc..

The risk group includes patients receiving immunosuppressive or hormonal therapy.

The main causative agents of the disease are streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci and filterable viruses: influenza, parainfluenza, adenoviruses, respiratory syncytial viruses, rhinoviruses.

Respiratory syncytial viruses are often the cause of the disease Acute bacterial rhinitis is more often associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa is associated with pathogens more adapted to prolonged persistence in the altered structure of the mucous membrane. These include Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Viruses have the greatest affinity for epithelial cells of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses. Reproducing in the cells of the ciliated epithelium, the virus leads to its disorganization. At the same time, a large number of tissue breakdown products accumulate, the local pH changes, the activity of cilia decreases, and a pronounced inflammatory process develops.. This causes a violation of mucociliary clearance, leading to stagnation of mucous secretions and creating favorable conditions for the growth and development of pathogenic flora..

Bacteria produce pathogenic enzymes that contribute to pronounced and persistent infiltration of the epithelium and a bright course of inflammation. Long-term exposure to toxins on the surface of the mucous membrane leads to the development of not only local, but also systemic pathological conditions of the body..

Types of rhinitis Rhinitis is divided into acute and chronic.

Acute rhinitis can be nonspecific (in the case of the onset of a respiratory infection) and specific (occurs against the background of infectious diseases).

Often, acute rhinitis spreads to the paranasal sinuses, leading to the accumulation and stagnation of the discharge in the cavity of the paranasal sinuses. To cleanse the sinuses, wash according to Proetz.

Chronic rhinitis has the following forms:.

catarrhal;

hypertrophic;

limited;

diffuse;

atrophic or subatrophic;

simple form;

fetid coryza (ozena).

Stages of acute rhinitis The clinical picture of acute rhinitis includes three stages of the course:.

Dry stage of irritation. Acute rhinitis is characterized by a bright onset. The disease begins with sensations of tickling, burning, dryness in the nose and nasopharynx.. Body temperature rises to 37 ° C, general malaise, chills, headaches appear. The duration of this stage is on average several hours..

II. Serous discharge stage. Characterized by an increase in symptoms of inflammation. A large amount of clear watery fluid is exuding from the blood vessels.. The glands of the mucous membrane begin to actively produce a secret, and the discharge becomes serous-mucous. The skin of the nasolabial triangle becomes red, swollen, cracked due to irritating discharge. There is nasal congestion, lacrimation and conjunctivitis are possible.

III. Stage of mucopurulent discharge.

Begins 4-5 days from the onset of the disease and is characterized by profuse, purulent, yellowish-greenish discharge.

Resolution of the inflammatory process occurs in 7-10 days.

In newborns and infants, acute rhinitis is considered a serious illness with a predominance of general symptoms and frequent development of complications. The younger the child, the more severe the acute form of the common cold.. In children of the older age group, the course of the disease does not differ from that of adults..

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