Under the stage of hypertension, it is customary to understand certain changes that occur in the internal organs as the disease progresses.. In total, there are 3 stages, where the first is the easiest, and the third is the maximum..

Stages of hypertension and target organs To understand the staging of the course of hypertension, you first need to understand the term " What it is? These are the organs that suffer primarily with a persistent increase in blood pressure (blood pressure).

The organs that are most affected by high blood pressure are called target organs.. As the blood pressure increases from the inside to the vascular wall, a cascade of pathological structural changes is triggered in it.. Connective tissue grows, the vessel loses its elasticity, becomes hard and unyielding, its lumen narrows. These changes lead to disruption of blood supply to all organs and tissues..

It is impossible to carry out treatment on the advice of friends or relatives who are receiving any antihypertensive treatment.. The therapy is carried out individually for each individual patient.

A heart. In the process of a persistent increase in blood pressure, the pumping function of the heart becomes difficult. It takes a lot of force to push blood through the vascular bed, so over time, the walls of the heart thicken, and its chambers are deformed.. Left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy develops, the so-called hypertensive heart is formed.

Kidney. Long-term hypertension has a destructive effect on the urinary organs, contributing to the appearance of hypertensive nephropathy. It is manifested by degenerative changes in the vessels of the kidneys, damage to the renal tubules, death of nephrons, and a decrease in organs.. Accordingly, the functional activity of the kidneys is impaired..

Brain. With a systematic increase in blood pressure to high numbers, blood vessels suffer, which leads to a malnutrition of the tissues of the central nervous system, the appearance in the brain tissue of zones with insufficient blood supply.

Eyes. In patients with hypertension, there is a drop in visual acuity, narrowing of the visual fields, impaired color rendering, flashing before the eyes of flies, deterioration of twilight vision. Often, a systematic increase in blood pressure becomes the cause of retinal detachment.

Stages of hypertension Stage 1 hypertension, regardless of the blood pressure numbers, is characterized by the absence of target organ damage. At the same time, not only are there no symptoms of damage to blood vessels, heart tissues or, for example, the brain, but also any laboratory shifts in the analyzes. Instrumentally, no changes in target organs are recorded either..

In stage 2 hypertension, one or more target organs are damaged, while there are no clinical manifestations (that is, the patient is not worried about anything). Kidney damage, for example, is evidenced by microalbuminuria (the appearance of small doses of protein in the urine), and changes in the tissues of the heart - hypertrophy of the left ventricular myocardium.

If the stage of the disease is determined by the involvement of target organs in the pathological process, then when calculating the risk, in addition, the existing provocateurs and concomitant diseases of the blood vessels and heart are taken into account..

Stage 3 hypertension is characterized by the presence of a clear clinical picture of the involvement of one or more target organs in the pathological process..

The table below shows signs of target organ damage specific to stage 3.

Target organ.

Clinical condition.

A heart.

Acute myocardial infarction, chronic heart failure.

Kidney.

Renal failure.

Vessels.

Thrombosis, embolism of peripheral blood vessels, formation of aneurysms.

Organ of vision.

Retinal hemorrhage, retinal detachment, optic nerve head injury.

Brain.

Vascular dementia, transient ischemic attacks, acute cerebral stroke, discirculatory encephalopathy.

In some sources, there is a classification in which hypertension stage 4 is separately distinguished.. In fact, the fourth stage of hypertension does not exist..

The definition of 3-stage hypertension was proposed by the World Health Organization back in 1993.. , in domestic medicine it is accepted to the present. The three-stage gradation of the disease is separately given in the recommendations for the treatment, diagnosis and prevention of primary arterial hypertension, issued by experts of the All-Russian Society of Cardiology in 2001. The fourth stage of the disease is also absent in this classification..

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