Flat papillomas, also known as flat, juvenile or juvenile warts, are benign skin growths.

The cause of their occurrence is the human papillomavirus (HPV, papillomavirus), the infection of which occurs as a result of direct and indirect contact with a sick person. Formations are localized mainly on the dorsum of the hands, forearms, face in children, adolescents and young people. Treatment of flat papillomas includes various methods of their removal and systemic therapy with antiviral and immunomodulatory drugs..

Flat warts are called juvenile, as children and young people suffer from them more often Photo gives an idea of \u200b\u200bthe appearance of flat papillomas on the face and body.

Causes of juvenile warts human papillomavirus. To date, more than a hundred species of the virus have been identified that can infect the skin and mucous membranes.. Warts are one of the most common pathologies resulting from human papillomavirus infection.. They are all divided into eight clinical varieties, each of which is associated with a specific type of HPV..

The penetration of the papillomavirus occurs through direct contact with the patient or through linen, towels, care items. An indirect route of transmission of the virus is unlikely, but possible, since viral particles can remain viable for a short time in the exfoliating cells of the patient's skin. For infection, the smallest damage to the surface of the skin and mucous membranes is sufficient..

Forms of existence of papillomavirus In an infected cell, HPV can be in two different states..

Intracellular form of papillomavirus.

Characteristic.

Episomal (benign).

The virus does not integrate into the chromosomal apparatus of the infected epithelial cell, being in an inactive or dormant state. There are no clinical manifestations of HPV infection.

Introsomal (malignant).

This form of parasitism of the virus is regarded as malignant, not because it necessarily causes the growth of malignant neoplasms, but because of the aggressiveness of viral particles. They wake up and enter the genome of the cell. This process provokes the reproduction of HPV-encoded proteins.. In this case, the virus can have a productive or transforming effect on the epithelium.. The first leads to the appearance of benign warts, the second - to the formation of dysplasias of varying degrees. If untreated, the progression of dysplasia leads to the development of cancerous tumors..

Provoking factors The form of the virus in epithelial cells is largely determined by the state of the immune system. A decrease in the general resistance of the body occurs in a number of conditions, which include:.

prolonged hypothermia;

traumatic injuries;

psycho-emotional overload;

excessive physical labor;

passion for strong alcoholic beverages;

tobacco smoking;

diseases of viral, bacterial, fungal origin;

pregnancy and breastfeeding;

malignant neoplasms;

endocrine system pathology;

taking medications (antibiotics, cytostatics, hormones).

The action of provoking factors can be isolated and combined.

Symptoms of flat papillomas Characteristics of warts, called flat, are presented in the table.

Sign.

Description.

Localization.

They occur most often on the hands (the back of the hands, forearms), on the face (forehead, the area around the mouth) and in areas where hair is regularly shaved: in men - the lower part of the face, in women - the legs. Linear placement of papillomas on the face and extremities is characteristic: they are localized along the course of scratching and the usual movements of the razor. The mechanism for the formation of such an arrangement is simply explained: a person himself carries viral particles to nearby areas of the skin when combing or removing hair while shaving. This route of infection is called autoinoculation, or self-infection..

Patient age.

They can be found in patients of various age groups, but most often in children and adolescence, for which they received one of their names - juvenile warts.

Appearance.

Usually represented by multiple small nodules, or growths, with a flat, slightly raised surface and clear outlines. The processes of keratinization of the skin in the area of \u200b\u200bpapillomas do not occur, therefore they have a smooth and shiny surface without any outgrowths and skin pattern.

The lesions often do not differ in color from normal skin, although color options are possible: from pink to yellow-brown. Dimensions usually do not exceed a few millimeters (1-5 mm).

Symptoms.

In most cases, the presence of papillomas is not accompanied by the appearance of complaints. Possible slight itching. But flat papillomas, especially on the face, are a cosmetic defect and often cause psychological discomfort in the patient..

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