The pallor of the skin, mucous membranes of the mouth and eyes (it is easy to see by pulling the lower eyelid down) should alert parents in terms of anemia or, as people say, anemia, although these symptoms can also be present in children with deeply located blood vessels, as reported by the Internet.. net But if, along with pallor, the child has rapid fatigue after exercise, palpitations and shortness of breath after minor efforts, this is most likely anemia.

What is the essence of this disease?

White-pink skin color in a healthy child indicates that red blood cells (erythrocytes) contain a sufficient amount of hemoglobin - a substance that carries oxygen to all tissues of the body. If the level of hemoglobin in the blood decreases and the number of red blood cells decreases, then less oxygen enters the bloodstream, which causes pallor and, as compensation in response to oxygen deficiency, rapid breathing and heartbeat.

Hemoglobin, a complex iron-containing protein, is the main component of red blood cells, for the constant renewal of which, in addition to a sufficient amount of protein and iron, copper, manganese, cobalt, nickel, as well as vitamins (C, B12 and folic acid) are needed. There are many reasons for metabolic disorders of these biologically active substances and their deficiency, but in early childhood they are most often nutritional disorders of a child and (or) a nursing mother, as well as infectious diseases.

It is noted that much more often anemia develops in children who are bottle-fed, mainly with cow's milk, which is extremely poor in iron and other hematopoietic elements.. It follows from this that natural feeding is an effective means of preventing anemia..

Before talking about the nutrition of a child with anemia, let's deal with foods that improve hematopoiesis.. Foodstuffs most often used in children's diets, according to their iron content, can be conditionally divided into 3 groups: rich, moderately rich and poor in iron.. Iron-rich foods include pork and beef liver, seaweed, oatmeal, yolk.

Moderately iron-rich foods (listing from more to less high iron content in these products): Hercules oatmeal, oatmeal, wheat groats, buckwheat and flour, beef, chicken eggs, apples, black currants, chum roe, chicken,. Iron-poor foods (content in 100 g): carrots - 0.6 mg, pomegranates - 0.8 mg, grapes - 0.6 mg, citrus - 0.3 mg, cow's milk, cream, butter - 0.2 mg.

Vitamin B12 is found mainly in animal liver and egg yolk; folic acid - in green and leafy vegetables (lettuce, parsley, dill, cabbage, etc.). chlorophyll - also in green vegetables and gooseberries. In addition, vegetables and fruits containing vitamin C contribute to the absorption of iron in the digestive tract..

If anemia develops in a breastfed baby, it is necessary to increase the consumption of the above foods by the nursing mother.. If the child is artificially fed, then for his nutrition, first of all, it is necessary to use the usual adapted Russian and foreign milk formulas: Olesya-1, Bona, Vitalakt, Gumana-2, Detolakt, Ladushka.

If this is not enough to reduce the manifestations of anemia, you should gradually switch to adapted mixtures with iron (" ) in which the iron content is increased. In addition, for the nutrition of children "

Antianemic enpit is used in the form of a 15% solution, which can be added both to mixtures and to complementary foods. It is better to enrich dishes with it (from meat, offal, vegetables, fruits), and not give it in pure form, since enpit has a not very pleasant taste and smell. They begin to give enpit in small doses (from 10 ml of a 15% solution), gradually increasing its amount to 50 ml per day in one or two doses. At an older age, it is recommended to add it to dishes that have a pleasant taste or dark color (coffee, cocoa).

Children with anemia, especially those who are bottle-fed, should start giving various types of complementary foods a little earlier.. The first complementary food in the form of vegetable puree is recommended to be given a month earlier than to healthy children - from 3.5-4 months.

Along with potatoes, carrots, white cabbage, cauliflower, rutabagas, parsley, dill should be widely used for preparing complementary foods, which, along with hematopoietic vitamins, contain a lot of chlorophyll, which in its structure is almost an analogue of blood hemoglobin. According to our observations, “green” juices (from parsley, dill, lettuce, gooseberries) have a good effect on babies, since, unlike boiled vegetables, they retain folic acid and vitamin C.

Nevertheless, such juices should not be abused, and starting with 10-15 drops, gradually increase the intake to 1-2 teaspoons a couple of times a day. As a second complementary food, milk porridge should be given mainly from buckwheat and oatmeal, which are richer in iron..

As for older children (from a year or more), then, along with the above products, the liver (beef, veal) is especially useful for anemia, which is rich not only in complete protein, but also in biologically active lipid phosphatides, as well as easily digestible iron compounds..

The liver has a specific taste and, with daily use in the diet, it often bothers children. Therefore, you need to use little tricks, adding it to minced meat or fish..

For even older children, grated or finely chopped liver can be added to salad, omelet, porridge, casserole, added to the recipe for potato pancakes, fillings for pies, pancakes, dumplings, whites.

Along with homemade meat dishes (see. given recipes of dishes), in the diet of a child with anemia, it is useful to include canned meat produced by the industry, which contain the liver: " And as many raw green vegetables as possible: in salads, in soups, along with a side dish, etc.. Special nutrition for anemia should be long enough, and only with careful observance can you achieve success in the treatment of the disease.

medbe. ru.