Researchers at the University of Milan Bicocca followed 41,000 adults in Sweden for 18 years, recording their vitamin intake, activity level and body mass index (BMI).
At the beginning of the study, none of the participants had Parkinson's disease, but by the end of the study, 465 people had been diagnosed with the disease..
Those who ate broccoli, paprika, and other foods high in vitamins C and E were 32% less likely to develop the condition, according to the researchers..
In Parkinson's disease, the brain does not produce enough dopamine, a hormone that controls movement, which leads to problems with speech, walking, and balance.
Antioxidants like vitamins C and E are thought to help counteract the loss of dopamine that occurs as a result of oxidative stress.
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Vitamin C is found in a wide variety of fruits and vegetables, including broccoli, peppers, sweet potatoes, oranges, and strawberries.
Broccoli is also rich in vitamin E, along with olive oil, nuts, seeds, spinach and grains - and when combined, they have an even greater impact on reducing the risk of Parkinson's disease.
Dr. Hantikainen noted that excess consumption of certain vitamins can be harmful. For example, too much vitamin E from dietary supplements has been linked to certain types of cancer or stroke.
More research is needed to determine the exact amount of vitamins C and E in reducing the risk of Parkinson's disease.
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