Clonidine is an imidazoline drug for the treatment of hypertension from the group? 2-adrenergic agonists. Clonidine, as well as Gemiton, Katapresan, Capressin, Clonilon, is the proprietary commercial name of the active substance clonidine, as reported by the Internet publication for girls and women from 14 to 35 years old Pannochka. net Clonidine is a centrally acting antihypertensive drug that lowers blood pressure by reducing impulses from the central nervous system, inhibiting the vasomotor center and reducing the concentration of norepinephrine. In addition to hypotensive, it has a powerful sedative effect.

Clonidine is used in the form of tablets, eye drops and solution for injection.

After oral administration, the therapeutic effect occurs after 1-2 hours and lasts 6-12 hours, with intravenous administration, the effect manifests itself after 3-5 minutes, reaches a maximum after 15-20 minutes and lasts for 4-8 hours.

The therapeutic dose of the drug when taken orally is 0.3-0.45 mg / day (divided into 2-3 doses), in rare cases the daily dose reaches 1.2-1.5 mg.

Clonidine was most actively used for the treatment of arterial hypertension from the late 70s to the mid 80s of the last century.. Its subsequent use was limited due to an extensive list of contraindications and numerous side effects on the part of hemodynamics and the central nervous system: lethargy, slowing down of the reaction rate, drowsiness, depression, decrease in pulse rate, a sharp decrease, and sometimes a sudden increase in blood pressure (BP).

A serious adverse reaction after intravenous administration of the drug is a short-term sharp jump in blood pressure preceding the main antihypertensive effect. In this regard, it is not recommended to inject clonidine into a vein for the elderly, because. possible development of neurological or cardiac disorders against the background of a hypertensive phase. With a sharp cancellation of Clophilin, there is often a deterioration in well-being, a return or intensification of symptoms of the disease.

Currently, in the presence of new, more effective drugs, Clonidine is rarely used, mainly for the relief of emergency conditions.

The average dose of Clonidine causing poisoning in children is 0.509 mg, in adults - 2.096 mg. A pronounced toxic effect, usually with a lethal outcome, was manifested in children as a result of a single dose of 0.4-4 mg (from 3 to 30 tablets of 0.15 mg, depending on age), in adults - 4.5-11,.

Clonidine is quite aggressive in terms of the degree of pharmacological effect, therefore, if it is incorrectly prescribed and taken, the development of acute intoxication is likely.

How clonidine poisoning occurs? Poisoning is possible in several cases:.

exceeded dose or independently increased frequency of administration;

elderly age;

increased individual sensitivity;

joint intake with alcohol;

drug use by a child while playing;

suicidal reception.

Due to the specific interaction of the drug with alcohol (the development of pathological intoxication that does not correspond to the dose taken, a powerful hypnotic effect and the absence of memories of previous events), it is often used in criminal practice as a means of committing crimes.

Symptoms of poisoning The main manifestations of Clonidine poisoning develop from the cardiovascular and nervous system 30-60 minutes after taking the drug. With criminal poisoning in combination with alcohol, the symptoms of intoxication are violent, develops within a few minutes.

Psychoneurological disorders in case of poisoning are pronounced:.

constriction of the pupils, sluggish reaction to light;

the victim is available to contact, but does not show interest in the environment;

drowsiness, slow reactions or, on the contrary, pronounced agitation;

decreased muscle tone.

In severe cases:.

depression of consciousness up to coma;

unsteadiness of gait, impaired coordination of movements;

clonic-tonic convulsions prone to recurrence;

oppression of the respiratory center, manifested by rare and superficial respiratory movements with periodic episodes of apnea;

vivid hallucinations;

retrograde amnesia.

A characteristic sign of clonidine poisoning is inhibition of the thermoregulatory center and the development of hypothermia, on average up to 35.8 ° C. Suppression of CNS activity is neutralized with specific therapy, usually within 12-36 hours.

Symptoms of acute intoxication from the cardiovascular system:.

decrease in heart rate;

severe hypotension, often orthostatic in nature, associated with a change in body position (symptom of \;

paradoxical increase in blood pressure;

violation of the conduction of excitation through the tissues of the heart;

in severe cases, the development of atrial or ventricular fibrillation.

Cardiological symptoms with complex treatment are eliminated in the first 24 hours, however, bradycardia can persist for up to 3 days or more.

In addition to specific symptoms, the victims complain of dizziness, headache, visual disturbances, dry mouth, excessive sweating..

First aid for poisoning with Clonidine1. Provide complete emotional and physical peace.

Rinse the stomach (drink 1-1.5 liters of warm water or a light pink solution of potassium permanganate and induce a gag reflex by pressing on the root of the tongue), repeat the procedure until clean rinsing water.

Carry out detoxification with enterosorbent (Polyphepan, Enterosgel, Polysorb, Atoxil or any other enterosorbent);

Take a saline laxative (magnesium sulfate).

When medical attention is required? Medical care for Clonidine poisoning is necessary if:.

first aid measures do not bring relief or the condition worsens;

injured child, elderly person or pregnant woman;

there are hallucinations, delusions, the victim is poorly oriented in space and time;

the victim is in a stupor, soporous or comatose state;

developed a convulsive syndrome;

pulse less than 40 beats per minute;

there is a persistent increase in blood pressure.

Potential consequences Taking tablet forms of the drug, as a rule, does not lead to death, despite the fact that it can cause severe acute intoxication. Depression of the central nervous system can be complicated by oxygen starvation, impaired cognitive functions. An abrupt increase in blood pressure after intravenous administration can lead to hemorrhagic stroke, myocardial infarction.

In the case of criminal poisoning with Clonidine, the likelihood of coma and death of the victim is high.

After relief of symptoms of intoxication, it is possible to preserve neurological disorders, retrograde amnesia.

In order to prevent poisoning with Clonidine, you must adhere to the rules:.

do not use the drug without a doctor's prescription;

when using the drug for therapeutic purposes, strictly adhere to the recommended dose and frequency of administration;

Keep out of the reach of children;

to prevent criminal poisoning, do not drink alcohol in the company of unfamiliar people.

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