Hypersalivation (salivation, ptyalism) is an increased production of secretion by the salivary glands, that is, saliva. As a physiological phenomenon, ptyalism is observed in children of the first half of life. At any other age, increased salivary secretion indicates this or that pathology..

The salivary glands of an adult secrete about 2 liters of saliva per day. Normally, it does not flow out of the mouth; also there should be no need for frequent swallowing or spitting.

In children of the first half of life, hypersalivation is a physiological phenomenon..

Many diseases of different organs can lead to the occurrence of hypersalivation:.

diseases of the digestive system (stenosis of the esophagus, gastritis, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, acute and chronic pancreatitis);

diseases of the oral cavity (sialoadenitis, gingivitis, stomatitis, cheilitis);

diseases of the nervous system (stroke, Parkinson's disease, brain tumors, inflammation of the trigeminal or facial nerve, bulbar palsy, vagotonia, neuroses);

mental illness (psychoses, some forms of schizophrenia, mental retardation);

infectious diseases (rabies, poliomyelitis, botulism, diphtheria);

helminthic invasions (nematodes, cestodes, trematodes);

hypovitaminosis of vitamin PP (nicotinic acid);

poisoning with tin, copper, chlorine, bromine, iodine, mercury.

Hypersalivation can develop as a side effect of taking certain groups of drugs:.

lithium salts;

M-cholinomimetics;

anticonvulsants (anticonvulsants).

Taking lithium salts and certain medications can lead to hypersalivation..

True - associated with increased secretion of the salivary glands.

False (pseudohypersalivation) is the result of a violation of the mechanism of swallowing saliva (against the background of angina, lesions of the facial nerve, cerebral palsy, etc.).

With a severe course of hypersalivation, patients experience damage to the skin of the face, associated with the irritating effect of saliva.

In accordance with the cause that caused true hypersalivation, there are:.

bulbar and pseudobulbar hypersalivation, that is, manifested in bulbar and pseudobulbar syndromes in vascular cerebral pathology, neurodegenerative diseases, poliomyelitis, etc..

somatic - caused by somatic pathology. Observed during radiation therapy, toxicosis of pregnant women, ulcerative stomatitis, helminthiasis, a number of malignant tumors;

drug - a side effect of therapy with lithium or Nitrazepam;

psychogenic - this is the rarest species, develops under the influence of traumatic factors, and sometimes it is not possible to identify the cause.

During hypersalivation, patients complain of a rapid accumulation of saliva in the oral cavity, which forces them to make frequent swallowing movements. With severe ptyalism, saliva leaks from the corners of the mouth. This, in turn, leads to a violation of the integrity (maceration) of the skin of the chin and the lower part of the cheeks.. When a secondary infection is attached in the area of \u200b\u200bdamage to the skin, a pustular rash appears.

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