Hemorrhagic diathesis is a group of diseases that are characterized by an increased tendency of the body to bleeding and hemorrhage, according to Pannochka, an Internet publication for girls and women from 14 to 35 years old.. net Hemorrhagic diathesis has different etiology and development mechanisms.
Types of hemorrhagic diathesis Hemorrhagic diathesis can occur as an independent disease, as well as develop in other diseases. In this case, they speak of secondary hemorrhagic diathesis..
Also distinguish:.
- congenital or hereditary hemorrhagic diathesis. Hereditary hemorrhagic diathesis appears in children and accompany a person throughout his life. Typical for diseases such as hemorrhagic telangiectasia, various hemophilia, Glanzmann's disease, thrombocytopathy in children, etc..
- acquired hemorrhagic diathesis in children and adults is a manifestation of diseases associated with blood clotting and the state of the vascular wall. These include hemorrhagic purpura, hereditary and disaggregated thrombocytopathy, hemorrhagic vasculitis, vascular lesions in liver diseases, drug poisoning, infections.
Types of hemorrhagic diathesis Depending on the causes and mechanism of development, the following types (groups) of diathesis are distinguished:.
- diathesis, which are caused by impaired platelet hemostasis. This group includes thrombocytopathies and thrombocytopenias.. They can also occur in case of impaired immunity, kidney and liver diseases, viral infections, under the influence of chemotherapy and high doses of radiation.
- diathesis that occurs due to a violation of blood clotting. This group includes diseases such as hemophilia A, B, C, fibrinolytic purpura, etc.. These diathesis can occur due to the intake of anticoagulants or fibrinolytics.
- diathesis caused by a violation of the integrity of the vascular wall. These include vitamin C deficiency, hemorrhagic vasculitis, hemorrhagic telangiectasia and other diseases.
- diathesis arising from both platelet hemostasis and blood clotting disorders. This group includes von Willebrand disease, thrombohemorrhagic syndrome. Such a diathesis can occur with radiation sickness, hemoblastosis and other diseases..
Types of bleeding in hemorrhagic diathesis There are five types of bleeding.
Hematoma type of bleeding - usually observed in hemophilia, with large hematomas, joint hemorrhages, bleeding after surgery.
Capillary type of bleeding - characteristic of thrombocytopenia, hereditary and disaggregated thrombocytopathy. With this type of bleeding, there are minor hemorrhages in the form of petechiae or ecchymosis, as well as bleeding from the nose, gums, uterine and stomach bleeding.
Mixed type - characterized by the presence of hematomas and small spotty rashes on the skin. Observed when taking a large amount of anticoagulants and thrombohemorrhagic syndrome.
Purple type - characterized by small symmetrical rashes on the lower limbs. This type of bleeding occurs with hemorrhagic vasculitis..
Microangiomatous type of bleeding - characterized by recurrent bleeding. Occurs with hereditary disorders of the development of small vessels.
Symptoms of hemorrhagic diathesis The main symptom of the disease is the presence of various rashes on the body, the nature and localization of which depend on the type and type of disease. Possible bleeding and hemorrhage, extensive hematomas. With a severe form of the disease, the rash turns into ulcers. May be disturbed by abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting mixed with blood.
Diagnosis of hemorrhagic diathesis Diagnosis of the disease consists in determining the cause of hemorrhage. To do this, prescribe general blood and urine tests, as well as biochemistry, coagulogram (analysis to determine coagulability), analysis to determine the content of trace elements in the blood serum. They also determine the total blood clotting time, the concentration of prothrombin, carry out prothrombin and thrombin tests. To diagnose the disease, immunological tests are used, as well as other tests that the doctor will prescribe.
Treatment of hemorrhagic diathesis Treatment depends on the type and type of diathesis, as well as on the mechanism of bleeding.
If there are diseases such as vasculitis and thrombocytopenic purpura, then treatment with corticosteroid drugs is used.With avitaminosis C, ascorbic acid, vitamin PP, rutin are prescribed. If the patient is concerned about profuse and frequent bleeding, surgery with removal of the spleen is indicated. For hemophilia, blood or plasma transfusions are used. The development of anemia involves the appointment of iron preparations, adherence to a diet.
neboleem. net.