Extensive myocardial infarction is a lesion of a large area of \u200b\u200bthe heart muscle due to blockage of blood flow in the coronary artery, according to the online publication for girls and women from 14 to 35 years old.. net Depending on the location of the lesion, the disease is divided into infarction of the anterior and posterior wall. The occurrence of an infarction of the anterior wall is due to obstruction of the left coronary artery, and damage to the posterior wall is caused by the right. Front wall infarction is more dangerous.
What looks like an extensive myocardial damage in a heart attack, can be seen in the photo.
Myocardial infarction threatens the patient’s life, and therefore requires immediate medical attention. So, what is an extensive heart attack?
Causes The causes that can lead to a heart attack are varied, and, as a rule, act in conjunction, t. the disease is polyetiological.
If you suspect a myocardial infarction, you must immediately call the ambulance team or independently, as soon as possible, deliver the patient to the hospital.
The risk of heart attack is affected by: a genetic predisposition, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerotic lesions of the blood vessels, other pathologies of the cardiovascular system, kidney disease, malignant neoplasms, mechanical injuries, electric shocks, surgical interventions on the heart and coronary arteries.
In addition, causative factors include those that can be described as improper lifestyles.. This is overweight, lack of physical activity or, on the contrary, constant physical overload, chronic stress, insufficient night sleep, bad habits.
The immediate cause of a heart attack is a blockage of the coronary artery by a thrombus, embolus, or spasm..
Symptoms of extensive myocardial infarction, typical and atypical forms. The first signs of extensive myocardial damage may appear long before it begins.. This is a short-term cardiac pain, numbness and tingling in the right hand or shoulder, shortness of breath, weakness. These precursors appear from time to time a few weeks before a heart attack, pass fairly quickly without treatment, and therefore patients often do not pay attention to them.
With extensive myocardial damage, the patient has a sharp intense, so-called dagger pain behind the sternum and in the left half of the body (up to cardiogenic pain shock), which is not stopped by the use of painkillers and nitroglycerin. The pain is burning, pressing in nature, it is called angina. The pain attack is accompanied by shortness of breath, dizziness, intermittent breathing, pallor of the skin, cold sweat, decreased blood pressure, fear of death. In some cases, fainting occurs.. This is a typical, so-called anginal form of heart attack..
The immediate cause of a heart attack is a blockage of the coronary artery by a thrombus, embolus, or spasm..
Atypical heart attack can take different forms, which complicates the diagnosis, complicates the timely provision of care and therefore is prognostically unfavorable. The most common of the atypical forms:.
hidden - pain is absent, manifested by malaise, chest discomfort. Peculiar to patients with diabetes;
asthmatic - characterized by severe shortness of breath, manifested without load (including when lying down), a feeling of lack of air, rapid heartbeat;
arrhythmic - manifested by heart palpitations, heartbeat;
gastralgic or abdominal - there are pain in the epigastric region, dyspeptic disorders, which is why it is often taken for exacerbation of pancreatitis;
cerebrovascular - characterized by dizziness, nausea, vomiting, loss of consciousness.
The main sign of a heart attack - chest pain - with atypical forms of heart attack may be mild or completely absent.
The abdominal form of a heart attack can be mistaken for exacerbation of pancreatitis. Stages of a heart attack. Five successive periods are distinguished in the clinical picture of a heart attack:.
Preinfarction state - an increase in the frequency of angina attacks is observed, precursors appear. Lasts from a few hours to a month.
The most acute period - the most striking manifestations of an attack. Lasts from half an hour to six hours from the onset of an attack.
Acute period - a necrosis site forms in the heart muscle, pain decreases, an increase in body temperature, a heart rhythm disorder is observed. Lasts 2-10 days.
Subacute period - a scar forms at the site of necrosis, blood pressure and heart rate gradually normalize. Lasts 4-5 weeks.
Post-infarction period - scar density increases, the heart adapts to new functioning conditions. Up to 6 months.
A repeated attack is very likely to lead to paralysis or death, the risk of its occurrence is estimated at 40%.
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