Purulent bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tree without involvement of lung tissue in the process, in which the patient is coughing, accompanied by the separation of purulent or purulent-mucous sputum.
The disease can be both acute and chronic. In the first case, it lasts an average of 10-12 days. After recovery, the symptoms disappear quickly enough, respiratory discomfort is eliminated, the patient does not complain. In the chronic course of bronchitis, cough with sputum disturb the patient for at least 3 months a year, while the disease lasts at least 2 years. Exacerbations alternate with periods of well-being (remission). Their periodicity is individual and depends on the severity of the process: from 2-3 times a year to continuous recurrence. Symptoms of the disease may persist even without exacerbations..
When bronchitis is accompanied by the release of purulent sputum, it is called purulent; bronchitis with purulent sputum can occur with obstruction, then it is called obstructive, or without it - simple bronchitis. Obstructive process involves violation of patency of the bronchi. This is due to swelling of the mucous membrane, a violation of the formation of bronchial secretions, which become abundant, viscous and viscous, and the development of bronchospasm. In this case, respiratory failure gradually appears: breathing efficiency is significantly reduced, oxygen starvation of organs and tissues occurs.
Children are characterized by a high activity of the inflammatory process and the rapid development of complications, so antibiotic therapy should be started as soon as possible.
The causes of the formation of the disease are met by several external and internal circumstances: infection by pathogenic bacteria or viruses, decreased local immune defense, systematic exposure to risk factors, the presence of chronic diseases of other organs and systems, genetic predisposition, etc..
The activity of the ciliary epithelium of the bronchi decreases. Normally, cilia sweep mucus with dust particles adhering to it, allergens, bacteria. With the development of the disease, the mechanism for removing the bronchial secretion becomes insolvent. Mucus stagnates, becomes thick and difficult to separate. Pus in the sputum appears as a result of attachment of a secondary bacterial infection.
The most significant risk factors:.
chronic infections of the throat, nose and sinuses, ear;
active or passive smoking;
alcohol abuse;
frequent pharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheitis;
hereditary predisposition (failure of local immunity, features of the anatomical structure of the bronchi, etc..
living in regions with aggressive climatic conditions (high humidity combined with low temperatures, excessively dry climate with high ambient temperatures) or adverse environmental conditions;
industrial hazards (contact with varnishes and paints, gasoline vapors, agricultural chemicals, industrial poisons, work at mining and processing plants, in mines, hot shops).
Purulent sputum bronchitis can form as a complication or be an independent disease. In any case, for the appearance of pus in the bronchial mucus, pathogenic microorganisms must join, therefore, antibacterial drugs must be included in the treatment of the disease.
Acute bronchitis lasts an average of 10-12 days. After recovery, the symptoms disappear quickly enough, respiratory discomfort is eliminated, the patient does not complain.
Symptoms of purulent bronchitis Symptoms of the disease are formed from the main manifestations that are characteristic of any form of bronchitis, and from additional ones that are caused by the influence of pathogenic bacteria.
Sputum cough are the main manifestations of the disease, have different characteristics depending on the type of bronchitis..
If the disease is simple acute and is not accompanied by bronchial obstruction, the cough will initially be drier, gradually transforming into moist. In this case, the patient coughs up a greenish-yellow phlegm, often with an unpleasant odor. Its amount is different - from a few milliliters to 200-250 ml with active inflammation.
As you recover, the intensity of the cough decreases, although the residual effects in the form of periodic coughing may bother for several more weeks.
With obstructive bronchitis, a cough is more painful, nauseous, paroxysmal. The patient experiences difficulty in sputum discharge: he cannot clear his throat for a long time, sometimes up to an hour. The amount of sputum is less than during the usual process, it is thick, viscous, yellow-green, sometimes brownish-green.. Breathing becomes hard, wheezing, dry rales are heard.
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