Polysegmental pneumonia is one of the expanded forms of the disease, in which not one lung segment is involved in the pathological process, but several.

If symptoms of pneumonia appear, you need to see a doctor to make a correct diagnosis.The main danger is the high risk of expansive spread of inflammation with the likelihood of developing extensive damage to the pulmonary structures, so its timely recognition and adequate treatment are an urgent task of pulmonology and pediatrics.

Pneumonia is an acute infectious disease of the pulmonary parenchyma, which is diagnosed by physical data and / or respiratory distress syndrome, as well as on the basis of infiltrative changes in the radiograph. The incidence in adults and children in the Russian Federation averages 400–500 and 700–800 cases per 100,000 population, respectively.

What is polysegmental pneumonia? The polysegmental form of pneumonia is a limited inflammation and covers the lung tissue within the boundaries of several anatomical segments of one or two lungs (single and bilateral pneumonia). Most often, children of preschool age (from 3 to 7 years old) are susceptible to the disease, however, pathology also occurs in older children and adults.

How is the polysegmental form different from other forms of pneumonia?

Form of pneumonia.

Distinctive features.

Focal.

The process involves one or more foci of infiltration up to 2 cm in size.

Focal drain.

It is characterized by a heterogeneous massive infiltration consisting of several foci.

Segmental.

The process is limited to one anatomical segment of lung tissue.

Share.

Inflammation develops in the lobe of the lung.

Interstitial.

The disease is characterized by pronounced changes in lung interstitium (usually in patients with immunodeficiency).

Polysegmental pneumonia can be:.

unilateral (right-sided or left-sided): inflammation can occur in separate segments of different lobes of one lung, occurs in 95% of cases of this type of pathology;

bilateral: segments in different lobes of both lungs are affected at once.

The following types of pneumonia are also distinguished:.

primary: arises as an independent disease;

secondary: develops against the background of an acute respiratory viral infection.

Causes of development and predisposing factors: In primary pneumonia, the causative agents in most cases are pneumococci, hemophilus bacillus, pyogenic streptococcus, staphylococcus. Several bacterial agents may also be affected.. Of the atypical pathogens, mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella can lead to the development of polysegmental pneumonia.

In most cases, pneumococci lead to the development of pneumonia; Pathogens most often penetrate the bronchogenic route: by inhaling microbes, relocating them from the upper respiratory system due to infectious diseases, or during medical procedures (for example, during mechanical ventilation, bronchoscopy, inhalation).

After the introduction of the pathogen, it is fixed and multiplies in the epithelium of respiratory bronchioles.

Pneumonia develops with the spread of microorganisms beyond the respiratory bronchioles.

Due to the anatomical features of the structure of the lungs, the following are most affected:.

right lung: II, VI, X segments;

left lung: VI, VIII, IX, X segments.

Often, against the background of the development of pneumonia, regional lymph nodes are involved in the process, oxygen, respiratory and heart failure occur.

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