For a long time fasting and fasting were considered, if not harmful, then at least useless for the human body. However, new discoveries in the field of molecular biology show that restrictions in food and entertainment are of great benefit to humans.
Modesty - a pledge of longevity If you do not take into account the serious genetic diseases, then almost all of our health problems are related to lifestyle. Scientists claim that our state of health is 25-30% dependent on our genes, and 70% on how we live. The good news is that by changing your lifestyle, you can improve the body and live longer. A logical question arises: what way of life should we lead?.
It's no secret that you need to exercise and eat right to maintain your health. Over the past 50 years, a lot of discoveries and denials have taken place in dietetics. When scientists managed to look into the cage and understand what is happening there with this or that way of life, it became obvious that the guarantee of health and longevity is modesty. Numerous studies and medical observations of long-livers show that long live those who eat a little, are nervous and work a lot.
Head of the Department of General and Molecular Pathophysiology of the Bogomolets Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Victor Dosenko says that you can prolong your life thanks to four basic rules that you must adhere to throughout your life:.
Do not eat up. As shown by medical observations, cutting calories by 30% allows you to extend life by 10-20 years.
There are more vegetables and fruits. They contain xenobiotics - substances that are alien to our body, which constantly keep us in shape, without letting "relax" the immune system.
Physical exercise. If we want not to get sick and live a long time, then we need to move a lot, since our body has been accustomed to this kind of life since ancient times.
Temperature differences. Civilization saved us from strong temperature changes. Both in winter and in summer we are in comfortable conditions for us: we include heaters or air conditioning. And the body needs to sometimes "shake", to experience the temperature stress. Our body is designed to periodically experience severe cold and heat, and when this factor disappears, there may be health problems.
Post and autophagy In this article, we will not be able to claim all four principles of a healthy lifestyle, but only those that directly relate to nutrition. Why is fasting and fasting useful? What is the use of cutting calories and temporarily giving up food?.
The thing is that evolutionarily living organisms are prepared for periodic starvation. So, forest animals do not eat 3 times a day, and sometimes they have to spend in search of food for several days. When food does not enter the body, it goes to a completely different mode of operation: the metabolism slows down and the process of autophagy (self-eating). At the same time, first of all, the body digests those molecular complexes and cell structures that have become unnecessary: ??for example, it is incorrectly folded proteins, mutated cells and t. In other words, when autophagy is triggered, the body begins to recycle the garbage that accumulates in the cells during the life cycle.
If you do not starve, or worse - constantly overeat, then autophagy does not start, the body accumulates a large number of unnecessary elements and cellular slag, which after years leads to the development of serious chronic diseases. There is already enough convincing evidence that the absence of autophagy leads to the development of chronic cardiovascular diseases, cancer and Alzheimer's disease.
In fasting according to religious rules, one should eat "poor" food, giving up food of animal origin. Thus, for a few weeks a person cuts down the number of calories and feeds only on plant foods. Thanks to the post, we cut calories from one side, and on the other - we eat vegetarian food, than we enrich our organism with xenobiotics. To maintain good health, a person needs xenobiotics. They are not contained in meat, because, for example, the protein of a pig, a cow or a bird is not foreign to us, and the body digests it without problems. Alien for us are bacteria, fungi and plants. The plants contain the same xenobiotics, which, when ingested, trigger mechanisms for the disposal of foreign products. Thus, the body begins to get rid of not only xenobiotics, but also of its own toxic substances, which periodically accumulate in it. Meat and fast food do not contain xenobiotics, so when they are used in the body does not include mechanisms for the disposal of toxic substances.
In this sense, fasting is useful, and if during this period a person does not eat up, and once a week to starve, then the benefit of fasting will be great. You will lose weight and rejuvenate your body.
Litter cell dumps - lysosomes and proteasomes A living cell is a whole world that operates according to its laws. For the normal life of the cell, it must eat and process all unnecessary. For a long time scientists have found in cells specific organelles - lysosomes in which half-destroyed fragments of cells. In other words, it is something like an incinerator, which destroys everything unnecessary for the cell. Cell debris comes to lysosomes in special vesicles - autophagosomes that surround unnecessary structures with membranes and transport them to the lysosome.
For a long time it was believed that the lysosome is a kind of garbage dump for the cell. However, scientists could not understand in what way the cell is updated? Why do lysosomes not increase in size, because there are cells that do not die for decades? Apparently, in the cell there are mechanisms for processing of garbage. A few years after the discovery of lysosomes, scientists discovered a new cellular organelle - proteasome. It is here that proteins are processed that have become unnecessary for the cell. A black label for the protein to be processed in the proteasome is the ubiquitin molecule, which is attached to a malfunctioning protein. Such protein enters the proteasome, where it decomposes into amino acids, after which the amino acid cell is used to construct other proteins that will work correctly. As you know, every day the human body needs up to 300 grams of protein, but it gets up to 100 grams. The remaining proteins enter the cells after processing other proteins.
Phenomenal discovery of the Japanese scientist The process of autophagy interested scientists in the 70's of last century. A Japanese scientist, now a professor at the Tokyo University of Technology Yoshinori Osumi, has been engaged in autophagy for the past 30 years. Today he is over 70, but he still works from morning till night in the laboratory, devoting his studies to himself. And last year, for his discovery, Yoshinori Osumi was awarded the Nobel Prize. What did the Japanese scientist find out?.
For his studies, Osumi chose yeast. This is a very convenient model of living organisms: they are unicellular and multiply rapidly. In addition, the cellular structure of yeast is very close to human cells, and the processes that occur in yeast are almost the same as in human cells. In yeast cells, as in human cells, there is a nucleus, mitochondria, there is an apparatus for the production of proteins (ribosomes) and an apparatus for their degradation (proteasomes). There is a yeast and an analogue of lysosomal animals - vacuoles. They are quite large, which makes it possible to observe their changes in a microscope.
In his experiments, Yoshinori Osumi separated the vacuoles of yeast from other organelles. After the scientists thoroughly studied the composition of the vacuoles, he realized which enzymes are responsible for the decomposition and processing of proteins. As is known, the enzyme is a protein, which means that a gene is responsible for its production in a cell. After it became clear which gene is responsible for which enzyme, the scientist began to deduce mutant cell lines in which a particular gene responsible for the production of a protein degrading protein did not work.
Mutant cell lines the scientist photographed every few hours. Depending on the conditions in which the cells were located, the result was different. If the cells received a sufficient amount of food, the vacuoles did not visually change. As for cells that grew on a medium depleted of nutrients, cell fragments accumulated in vacuoles. This phenomenon allowed the scientist to conclude that it is hunger that allows the launch of an autophagy process that helps the cell to be refreshed. In the course of the experiments, Yoshinori Osumi discovered that when starving, the first thing the proteins are digested, which explains why there is no significant fat loss in fasting.
Studies of the Japanese scientist inspired many scientists to tackle the phenomenon of autophagy. Since the nineties, a lot of research has been done that showed that autophagy can slow down the development of tumors (and even completely destroy them), and also get rid of the slag and mutant cells. If a person regularly fasts and fasts (it is recommended to starve 1 day a week), then the body will be constantly updated.
Dopamine and fasting: why it is so important to limit oneself Another part of fasting is restrictions in entertainment. As it turned out, such a restriction has a profound meaning, which it was only recently unraveled.
Modern man lives in a furious rhythm. We are constantly confronted with temptations and are processing just a huge amount of information. The brain quickly gets tired and requires a person to rest. Constant stress and depression are the result of the fact that a person simply forgot how to take pleasure in trifles: for example, walking in good weather or having a get-together with friends. We are used to receiving large doses of "irritable" pleasure in the form of very tasty food (for example, sweets), gambling, smoking, alcohol, masturbation or drugs.
As you know, pleasure is a biochemical process, and joy has its own molecular imprint. The influx of dopamine to the dopamine receptors in the brain and leads to a sense of satisfaction. But if a person stimulates their dopamine receptors too much, then from everyday things of joy he will not get any more.
Why are children so happy when they see a cat or a dog, or just when the rain stops, and you can go out for a walk. The thing is that children have no clogs of pleasure centers, and they know how to enjoy life, even the simplest things. But in adults, everything happens differently, and therefore, in order not to fall into apathy and depression, it is important at times to carry out dopamine detoxification. In other words, you need to limit yourself from the factors that cause a rabid rush of dopamine.
After some time after such a dopamine diet, you will be surprised how interesting and joyful your life has become. Remove from your life smoking, drugs, excessive addiction to alcohol, masturbation, sex, coffee, shopping and other passions. Try to do everything consciously, and focus only on natural needs. The first time will be very difficult, so it's not worth it. Fasting is a wonderful time to hold such a shake, and then - to look at the world differently.
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