WHO has developed a special method for determining which diseases and pathogens should be prioritized for the R & D Blueprint,. This method aims to identify those diseases that pose a risk to public health due to their epidemic potential, and also due to the lack or inadequacy of countermeasures against them. Diseases identified during this process are the subject of attention R & D Blueprint. This is not an exhaustive list and it does not indicate the most likely causes of the next epidemic.

The first list of priority diseases was released in December 2015.. Using the published methodology for determining priorities, the list was first considered in January 2017.

WHO experts believe that, given the potential danger of causing a public health emergency and the lack of effective medicines and / or vaccines, there is a need for accelerated research and development to control the following diseases:.

Crimea-Congo hemorrhagic fever;.

hemorrhagic fever of Ebola and Marburg;.

hemorrhagic fever Lassa;.

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS);.

infection of the Nipa virus and genipoviral infections;.

hemorrhagic fever of the Rift Valley;.

the fever of Zika;.

disease X (represents a potential serious threat to the epidemic caused by a previously unknown pathogen).

WHO experts also reviewed a number of other diseases for inclusion in the list of priorities, including: arteriovirus hemorrhagic fevers (other than Lassa hemorrhagic fever), chikungunya, highly pathogenic coronavirus diseases other than MERS and SARS, enterovirus non-poliomyelitis infections (including EV71, D68) and acute fever syndrome with thrombocytopenia (Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome - SFTS). These diseases pose serious risks to public health and further R & D studies, including surveillance and diagnostics, are needed to control them. They will be monitored and reviewed during the next WHO review.

Despite the absence of priority diseases such as monkeypox and leptospirosis in the list, they were also widely discussed by WHO experts. The risks they pose to public health were emphasized, agreement was reached on the need: rapid assessment of available potential countermeasures, creation of more comprehensive surveillance and diagnosis, accelerated R & D studies, public health action in relation to these diseases.

It is established that some diseases go beyond the current Research and Development Plan: dengue fever, yellow fever, HIV / AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, influenza, causing severe illness in humans, smallpox, cholera, leishmaniasis, West Nile virus and plague. These diseases continue to pose serious public health challenges, and further research and development is needed through existing major disease control initiatives, extensive research projects, existing funding flows or established regulatory pathways to improve control measures. In particular, WHO experts recognized the need to improve measures for diagnosis and vaccination against pulmonary plague and additional support for more effective leishmaniasis therapy.

WHO experts note that for many priority diseases, as well as many other diseases that can cause an emergency in public health, it is necessary to improve diagnosis; existing drugs and vaccines need further improvement for several diseases that are not included in the priority list, but may pose a threat to public health; any type of pathogen, and not just viruses, can be a priority within the framework of R & D Blueprint et al..

The impact of environmental problems on diseases that can cause emergencies in public health was discussed.

The importance of the diseases discussed was considered for special groups of the population, such as refugees, internally displaced persons, victims of natural disasters.

The importance of the One Health approach was stressed, including parallel processes for setting priorities for animal health. Such efforts will promote R & D studies to prevent and control diseases in animals. The possible utility of vaccines for animals to prevent emergencies in public health was noted.

Concerted efforts are also being made to combat antibiotic resistance through specific international initiatives. There is a possibility that in the future a stable pathogen may appear, which will be identified as a priority.

apteka. ua.

Keywords:.