Dyspnea (dyspnea) refers to various respiratory disorders, which create a feeling of lack of air.

According to the frequency of respiratory movements, there are two types:.

tachypnea (polypnoea) - an increase in the minute volume of respiration (more than 20 respiratory movements);.

bradypnea (oligopnea) - decrease in the minute volume of respiration (up to 16 respiratory movements). It occurs less often, the main causes of dyspnoea of ??this kind are severe brain damage, prolonged oxygen starvation, diabetic coma, acidosis (increased acidity of the body) in diabetes mellitus.

Dispnoea can occur when the body's systems of functioning are disturbed, which create obstacles to the respiratory process:.

The cardiovascular system. With heart failure associated with vices, cardiosclerosis, heart dyspnea develops, which appears during physical exertion, then passes into the form of orthopnea - difficulty breathing in the prone position. With such a disease the patient must be in a vertical position.

Also shortness of breath and the symptoms associated with it can talk about the following diseases:.

myocardial infarction - dyspnea is combined with pain behind the sternum;.

ischemic heart disease, aneurysm rupture of the thoracic aorta, as well as thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery - the main causes of dyspnea, accompanied by lowering blood pressure and attacks of pain in the sternum;.

angina pectoris - nocturnal attacks of dyspnea (cardiac asthma) and chest pain, increased blood pressure, less often - dizziness.

Shortness of breath, choking, speaks of a stratification of the thoracic aorta, associated with a large blood loss, acute heart failure or a mechanical obstacle that hinders the work of the respiratory system.

Respiratory system. Dyspnea is one of the main symptoms of lung diseases, the most common of them are:.

pneumonia - dyspnoea develops when walking, associated with chest pain and weakness, these symptoms can be determined by pneumonia that occurs without a rise in temperature.

with pleurisy, shortness of breath is associated with a feeling of heaviness in the chest;.

bronchitis - often patients disregard the advice of a doctor, as the disease proceeds easily, dyspnea is absent, but treatment must be carried out seriously, as the disease can flow into bronchial asthma.

When smoking, non-compliance with preventive measures when working in hazardous production, there is a risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in which shortness of breath becomes particularly severe.

Nervous system. For the regulation of respiration, certain brain structures that are part of the CNS are responsible, so the causes of dyspnea may be nerve disorders. This includes hysterics, both in a particular manifestation and in neuroses. There is a "dog" breath, with a frequency of 60 - 80 respiratory movements per minute. Dyspnoea can cause craniocereberal trauma, severe stress, intercostal neuralgia, and so forth..

Since shortness of breath is not a diagnosis, but a symptom, when stating the main diagnosis, its character is assessed:.

Inspiration - difficulty breathing. The widespread nature of dyspnea, which speaks of heart and lung diseases, nervous disorders, brain damage, including neoplasms.

Expiratory - shortness of breath. Occurs less often, mainly with obstruction of the lower respiratory tract.

The mixed character of dyspnea speaks of:.

severe bronchial asthma;.

emphysema of the lungs;.

hypertrophy of the right ventricle;.

hemodynamic disorders.

It is obvious that you need to see a doctor if there is such a shortness of breath as shortness of breath, since the treatment of the underlying cause relieves not only of unpleasant sensations, but also normalizes life processes. The following specialists can provide advice:.

cardiologist, cardiovascular surgeon;.

oncologist;.

neurologist;.

lung specialist.

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