Myopia probably accompanied humanity since its inception. The first written source to reach us, mentioning this disease, was the writings of Aristotle, who lived in the fourth century BC. They were found that some people can hardly distinguish remote objects, and to see them better, they screw up their eyes. He called this phenomenon miops that in translation from Greek means squinting. This name is preserved and still, myopia in medicine is called myopia.

Myopia is a disease that results in disturbances in the perception of distant objects while maintaining clear vision near. Deleted items blur, appear fuzzy. The disease is widespread, according to statistics more than 30% of the world's population suffer to some extent. As a rule, the disease first manifests itself in 7-15 years.

The risk of developing myopia increases the risk factors. These include:.

Heredity. Presence of blood relatives suffering from this disease;.

Excessive strain on the eyes due to reading under unsatisfactory conditions (in poor lighting, in transport, and t. P);.

Spasm or weakness of the ciliary muscles;.

Congenital pathology or craniocerebral trauma.

What is the mechanism of the development of the disease?.

In people with perfect vision, the image, passing through the refracting system of the eye, always focuses precisely on the retina, regardless of the distance to the object. With myopia, the image is focused in front of the retina, the focusing system of the eye works incorrectly and because of refraction the image gets on the retina blurred. This situation is observed when the lens is operated with parallel rays, that is, when viewing distant objects.

The rays reflected from relatively close objects have a divergent course. With them, the refractive system copes quite adequately and the image falls on the retina. The more pronounced myopia, the more divergent rays must be reflected by the object, so that its image gets exactly on the retina. And as a result, it turns out that a person normally sees nearby objects, and everything that is located a little further, is washed out.

Morphologically, 2 reasons for such a visual defect. The first is the elongated shape of the eyeball, the second is the change in the refractive system of the eye. In some cases, there is a combined defect.

In addition to violating the clarity of long-range vision, myopia also has a number of unpleasant side effects.

As a rule, violations of twilight vision develop, in the evening without glasses it becomes extremely difficult to navigate in space and drive a car.

If a person is forced to constantly strain his eyes to distinguish distant objects, very often severe headaches develop.

And finally, the most formidable complication is dystrophy and retinal detachment. First, separate areas of vision fall out, and then completely blindness can develop at all.

Diagnostics.

With timely diagnosis and treatment of the disease and all these unpleasant consequences it is quite possible to avoid.

The diagnosis of myopia is determined by the oculist. To establish the diagnosis, visual acuity is checked using special tables. They contain letters of fixed size, the table is set at a standard distance from the patient. Also, after determining the visual acuity, the eye day is examined in order to exclude the pathology of the retina. To do this, atropine or another M-anticholinergic is instilled in the eye, the pupil dilates and does not interfere with the doctor to examine your ocular fundus.

If you have a reduction in vision, you should be observed regularly with an oculist, visual acuity changes over time and you need a change of glasses or lenses, as if the myopia is severe, then you may need an operation.

Currently, there are 3 main methods for correcting myopia. These are glasses, contact lenses, and surgical intervention in the refractive eye system.

Contact lenses and glasses do not eliminate the very cause of myopia, they only distort the light flux, that the refractive eye system could correctly focus it on the retina. Do not expect that you will see with glasses and lenses absolutely clearly, they are specially selected to give to the retina a slightly blurred image. If you put on too strong glasses, your eyes will quickly get tired and your eyesight will drop to a comfortable level for the eye in a short time. That is, to see you will be the same as if you started to wear weaker glasses from the very beginning, but your vision will decrease by 0. 5-1 diopter. Do not forget that glasses and contact lenses are selected individually. Bought in the market Chinese glasses will speed up the fall of your vision, it is better to order them in a normal place where they will be produced for your vision and features of the skull.

Surgical surgery is a radical method of restoring vision, it can completely restore 100% of vision, stop the development of the disease and prevent complications. Before you decide on an operation, carefully weigh the pros and cons.

Of course, it is best not to allow the development of this disease, and if there is, then to prevent further deterioration of the condition.

Prophylaxis of myopia.

It is extremely important to identify eye problems in a timely manner, from the moment the child starts school, it is desirable to annually check the visual acuity, and if it is detected, it is timely to begin treatment. No less important factor is eye hygiene, sufficient illumination, exercises for training the muscles of the lens, and t. Your vision is in your hands, timely prevention will prevent the development of many serious complications and will make life easier for you in the future.

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