Acne (acne) is a disease of the hair follicles and sebaceous glands that occurs in 80% of adolescents and young adults. Among the various clinical varieties of acne the most common are vulgar acne.

The causes of acne.

Comedones arise in the case when sebum (produced by the skin natural oils) accumulate in the mouth of the hair follicle and in combination with keratinized skin cells and dust particles forms a cork that closes the pore. Toxins from the blood and lymph leaving the body through the skin, interact with sebum and form a thick sticky mass. Comedon appears when the time, filled with sebum, mixed with bacteria, partially opens and darkens due to the action of oxygen on the pigment of the skin - melanin.

Using an improperly chosen cleanser or neglecting the facial cleansing procedure results in the accumulation of dead skin cells, hardened sebum, salt (from sweat), dust particles, dirt, bacteria, as well as wax and colored cosmetics pigments and / or fatty substances.

Other possible reasons:.

- Genetic predisposition: the probability of the appearance of comedos is higher in those women whose relatives have already encountered a similar problem.

- Hormonal imbalance: a violation of hormonal balance also often leads to the appearance of comedones. A high level of testosterone in people prone to acne, stimulates increased activity of the sebaceous glands, which leads to excessive production of sebum. In addition, the dead skin cells that line the opening of the hair follicle do not disappear on time and clog the follicle opening.

- Some medications: the appearance of comedones also leads to the taking of certain medications, although this happens rarely.

- Decorative cosmetics on oily and oily basis: cosmetics on an oily basis can also lead to the appearance of comedones due to an allergic reaction.

- Stress: a very common factor in the appearance of comedones. In a state of stress, we often tend to neglect hygiene and skin care, which creates favorable conditions for the formation of acne. In addition, physical skin irritations (for example, rubbing or intertrigo) as a result of wearing tight clothing can also lead to the formation of comedones.

- Physical skin irritation.

- Humidity and environmental pollution: climate, including the level of humidity (increasing sweating) and environmental pollution, also contributes to the accumulation in the pores of microparticles that can cause comedones.

Symptoms.

The most common vulgar or youthful acne that occurs in 80% of people aged 15-24 years. The disease is characterized by the appearance on the face (less often - on the chest and back) of comedones, small to 5 mm in diameter, pimples bright red. Rashes, resolved, leave pigmentation, less often - superficial scars. Salting is increased, the skin has a characteristic fatty shine, the hair is also oily, perhaps a little smacking.

The number of comedones can increase, the mouth of the hair follicles widen and gap. Comedones arise not only on the face, back and chest, but also in the behind-eye areas, on the scalp. Inflammatory reaction around comedones becomes more pronounced, large deep-lying inflammatory knots are formed. Thus, inducible acne occurs.

After a few weeks, the nodes are opened with the formation of a cavity, from which extruded pus - phlegmonous acne. After healing, there are deep skin disfiguring scars.

The most common form with pronounced inflammation is conglobata acne. They are characterized by the appearance on the back, chest and face of large knots, located deep in the skin. Nodes can reach 1.5-2 cm in diameter. Such nodes are extremely painful. Fusing, the nodes form conglomerates, abscesses can appear, after the opening of which there are long-lasting non-healing ulcers, and subsequently - rough scars with lintels and fistulous courses.

One of the rare variants of inflammatory acne, in which there is an acute transformation of typical inflammatory acne into an extremely pronounced destructive inflammation, are fulminant acne. Mostly young men suffer. There are multiple painful ulcerations with necrosis sites inflammatory nodes, abscessed abscesses, located on the background of redness. The process is accompanied by fever, pain in the joints. Healing occurs with the formation of gross scars.

It is rare to see pyoderma of the face - acutely inflammatory and heavily leaking form of acne.

Pyoderma faces are more likely to affect young women who have suffered emotional stress or have previously received androgens for endocrine diseases. Dermatosis is characterized by a sudden onset and rapid progression. In all patients, the process is localized in the central part of the face, in the forehead, temples, chin. Appears pronounced edema of the face with a cyanotic skin tone, and after 1-2 days - painful furuncle-like nodular eruptions resembling conglobate acne, large (more than 5 mm) pustules.

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