Anaphylactic shock is, first of all, SHOCK, an acute development of the inconsistency in the delivery and consumption of oxygen, characterized by acute circulatory insufficiency (acute circulatory insufficiency), up to the collapoid state, resulting from anaphylaxis (excessive reaction of the human body to repeated exposure to the allergen). Anaphylactic reactions (anaphylactic shock) are life-threatening urgent conditions of a rapidly evolving severe vascular collapse, according to an online edition for girls and women aged 14-35 who have been diagnosed with Pannochka. net Anaphylactic shock can be accompanied by such concomitant reactions of an allergic nature as:.
change in the color of the skin (redness - allergic dermatitis);.
the appearance of rashes (focal or diffuse nature - hives, generalized urticaria);.
rapid development of edema of soft tissues (trunk, extremities, more often face, neck and, especially dangerous, mucous laryngopharynx with possible development of asphyxia, etc.. ), similar to how it occurs with Quinck's swelling (angioedema);.
the phenomenon of bronchospasm (a feeling of lack of air, tightness behind the sternum, difficulty breathing, and subsequently exhalation, with the appearance of characteristic wheezing, shortness of breath) - bronchial asthma.
Like any acute circulatory failure, and subsequently, and breathing, this condition is accompanied by manifestations from the central nervous system - initially a feeling of fear, anxiety, even excitement, and then vertigo, increasing depression of consciousness right up to the coma.
Depending on the intensity of exposure to the allergic factor and the characteristics of the body's reaction, anaphylactic shock can develop in the time interval from a few minutes (10-15 min) to several hours.
An ambulance (doctor) should, without fail, immediately cause at the initial manifestations of any acute allergic reaction, which has an increasing nature. Or even with minimal allergic (above described) manifestations, but accompanied by a faster pulse, a decrease (even a moderate - 10-20 mm Hg. art.. ) of arterial pressure, the appearance of dyspnea, bronchospasm, edema of the laryngopharyngeal mucosa (cough, dysphonia - hoarseness, a feeling of suffocation). In general, the rule is that any patient with an acute allergic reaction should be examined by a doctor immediately. But, when the above described signs appear in addition to an acute allergic reaction, the emergency medical aid dispatcher must be additionally and specifically notified to make a decision on emergency medical care by a specialized ambulance team.
Remember that anaphylactic reaction is easier to prevent than treat.
In no case should you wait for a detailed picture of anaphylactic shock in order to call an ambulance. This is due to its life-threatening nature of the current. Anaphylactic shock - requires immediate hospitalization of the patient due to the need to provide him with qualified medical care in the intensive care unit.
Taking into account the terms of the development of anaphylactic shock, resuscitative care may be required by these patients already at the stage of the ambulance arrival and during the transportation of patients, which requires the appropriate qualification of the ambulance team (resuscitation and intensively therapeutic measures) and the ambulance (cardiac monitor with pulse oximeter, breathing apparatus, set for intubation and tracheo (conic)) volumes, oxygen, medicines and solutions.
Conducted measures (desensitizing, anti-inflammatory, decongestant, hemodynamic, respiratory therapy and oxygenation) should not delay or impede the transportation of a patient to a hospital. With the exception of short episodes of time required for resuscitation (cardiac and intubation), if they can not be performed for any reason during the movement. This is due to the fact that all these measures do not guarantee quick relief of manifestations of anaphylactic shock and do not replace those opportunities for qualified medical care that are available in a hospital.
Before the arrival of the brigade, the ambulance, if possible, should:.
isolate the patient from the allergen, if known (ventilate the room, wet it, react to an insect bite, or intramuscular or subcutaneous injection - treat the wound with a detergent and antiseptic, it is possible to apply a tourniquet above the bite site, noting the time of blood clotting and cold on place of bite (injection);.
to lay the patient horizontally, with a decrease in blood pressure with slightly elevated legs (not more than 15-20 ?);.
to observe the patient, if possible, measuring blood pressure, heart rate, frequency and rhythm of breathing;.
give him the available or usually taken by him desensitizing (antihistamine) remedy (tavegil, suprastin, claritin, semprex, allertec and t.
It should be remembered that information that is of value to an ambulance physician that the patient can imagine, his relatives or close people, as well as those who were near the patient during the development of anaphylactic shock, is:.
the exact time of the onset of the allergic reaction and the time that elapsed since the development of certain manifestations on the part of the patient's body (the appearance of dyspnea, changes in the voice, increased pulse,. );.
history of allergic reactions previously observed in the patient and what was the reason for their development;.
a detailed list of what the patient was given and done before the ambulance arrived and when.
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