Fetal hypoxia (hypoxia fetus) is a pathological condition of the fetus that occurs when the oxygen supply of its tissues and organs is inadequate, or oxygen is not adequately disposed of, as reported by the Internet publication for girls and women aged 14 to 35 Pannochka. net The numerous etiological factors of fetal hypoxia can be divided into three groups. The first group includes diseases and pathological conditions of the pregnant woman, leading to oxygen deficiency or excess of carbon dioxide in her body (cardiovascular diseases, especially decompensated heart defects, severe lung diseases leading to gas exchange disturbance, severe anemia, large blood loss, shock, severe intoxication ).

The second (most extensive) group of causes is the difficulty of blood circulation in the umbilical cord or the violation of the utero-placental circulation: a true node of the umbilical cord, a tight cord with the umbilical cord, compression of the umbilical cord with the fetal head and the walls of the birth canal during labor in the pelvic presentation, attachment, premature detachment of the placenta (normal, low lying or advanced); severe forms of late toxicosis of pregnant women, pregnancy retention, untimely outflow of amniotic fluid, leading to a long anhydrous interval, weakness of labor, rapid and rapid delivery, uncoordinated uterine contractions. The third group of causes includes fetal pathology: hemolytic disease, infection, intracranial trauma, malformations.

The degree of manifestation of changes occurring in the fetus during hypoxia (regardless of its cause) is determined by the duration and intensity of oxygen deficiency. Severe oxygen deficiency leads to a significant disruption of blood circulation and microcirculation: the fetus has a short-term increase in blood pressure, tachycardia, which are followed by a decrease in blood pressure and bradycardia; there is a thickening of the blood and the output of plasma beyond the vascular bed, tissue swelling develops; increases the permeability and fragility of the vascular wall, which leads to hemorrhages;

the tonus of arterioles and precapillaries decreases, with the onset of blood stasis, part of the capillaries is turned off from the circulation and ischemia is formed; rheological properties of blood are raised, which promotes the aggregation of red blood cells. Accumulation in the tissues of acid metabolic products (acidosis), a change in the balance of electrolytes under the influence of oxygen deficiency lead to intracellular edema, a violation of tissue respiration. Violated functions of vital organs, which can lead to fetal death, neonatal asphyxia or intracranial birth injury.

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