Dysfunctional uterine bleeding occurs in connection with disturbances in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary-uterus system and, depending on the development of the follicle, ovulation and the state of the yellow body are divided into ovulatory and anovulatory. With ovulatory (two-phase) bleeding, ovulation occurs, but the rhythmic secretion of ovarian hormones is impaired. There are three main forms of this pathology: shortening of the follicular phase of the cycle (its duration reaches 7-8 days, and the whole cycle is shortened to 14-21 days, the shortening of the luteal phase (associated with yellow body atresia), at which the cycle is shortened, and the intensity of blood loss increases , lengthening of the luteal phase of the cycle (due to prolonged secretion of the hormones of the yellow body, characterized by lengthening of the cycle and hyperspolymenorei), ovulatory intermenstrual bleeding. Anovulatory (single-phase) uterine bleeding is characterized by the absence of ovulation and the development of the follicle without the formation of a yellow body. There are hyper- and hypoestrogenic anovulatory cycles.

With the hyperestrogenic cycle, the follicle reaches full maturity, but its rupture does not occur (follicle persistence). In the hypoestrogenic anovulatory cycle, several follicles mature at the same time in the ovaries, but they do not reach the stage of maturity - atresia of the follicle. Clinically, anovulatory uterine bleeding is characterized by a delay in menstruation followed by prolonged bleeding.

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