Stress - scourge of our time. In medicine, the term was first introduced by Hans Selye in 1926. Stress is said in those cases when events occurring in a person's life suppress his ability to cope with the situation. Stressful event takes a person out of balance [6]. As a result of the action of negative factors, neuro-humoral dysfunction occurs, leading to a disruption in the body's adaptation to environmental changes.

At the heart of the mechanisms of stress is the activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and / or hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HHN) systems in response to the impact of any environmental factor. The reaction of the SNS to the stimulus is identical to the reaction that occurs during physical exertion: sympathoadrenal activation in combination with suppression of vagal activity. In this case, there is a significant increase in blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, blood supply to skeletal muscles, myocardial and cerebral blood flow (by reducing the blood supply of the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys), metabolism, with an increase in glucose and free fatty acids in the blood due to their mobilization from the liver and fat depots. In addition, the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system also increases, which leads to an increase in the volume of circulating blood and venous blood flow to the heart. In addition, blood coagulability increases. Thus, under stress, all body resources are mobilized [4].

CNS-induced activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HGH) system results in a marked release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), glucocorticoids (cortisol), and suppression of production of sex hormones and growth hormone. There is a mixed activation of the sympathoadrenal and parasympathetic nervous system, which contributes to vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure in combination with signs of vagal activation (bradycardia, increased gastric secretion, violation of motility of the stomach and intestines) [4].

Traditionally, for the correction of stressful conditions, tranquilizers, sedatives, adaptogens, antidepressants, ?-blockers. But all these groups have drawbacks and limitations. Thus, the risk of addiction and dependence when using tranquilizers limits the duration of the course of treatment, which, accordingly, reduces the effectiveness of therapy. In addition, side effects of tranquilizers, such as lethargy, daytime sleepiness, slowing of mental and motor reactions worsen the quality of life and productivity of the work performed. Antidepressants, especially tricyclics, have many limitations for the appointment and side effects, especially in the elderly: tachycardia, conduction and rhythm disturbances, urinary retention, day sedation, hypoglycemia, dry mouth.

A very frequent manifestation of stress is tachycardia, and the main complaint is palpitations, tremors, muscle tension. In this situation, especially in the presence of cardiac pathology, ?-blockers can be very effective, especially when ?-blockers block out the peripheral (somatic) manifestations of stress. But ?-blockers eliminate mainly somatic manifestations of stress, without affecting its central mechanisms, and the effect of treatment occurs within the next 3 days [4].

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